Respiration Flashcards
Why do we breathe
To provide cells with oxygen so they can produce usable energy (ATP)
What is the reaction to produce ATP
6O2+C6H12O6— 6CO2+6H2O
Glucose= C6H12O6
What are the four parts of breathing
Breathing
External respiration
Internal respiration
Cellular respiration
What is breathing
Moving air in and out of lungs (inspiration and expiration)
What is inspiration
Inspiration (in)
-active process (uses energy)
-contract respiratory muscles
Diaphragm: pulls lungs down
Intercostal muscles: pulls ribs up and out
-volume of Thoracic Cavity increases
-air pressure decreases (partial vacuum)
-air moves in to equalize pressureWhat is expiration
Expiration (out)
- passive process (usually)
- relax respiratory muscles
- Diaphragm moves up
- intercostal muscles allow ribs to move down and in - volume of Thoracic cavity decreases
- air pressure inside increases
- air moves out to equalize pressure
Lung volumes
Inspiratory reserve 1-2L
Resting volume 1-2L
Expiratory reserve 1-2L
Residual volume 1L (keep alveoli open)
Pleural membranes
Lungs are surrounded by 2 airtight membranes
A) visceral pleura (on lungs)
B) parietal pleura (on ribs and diaphragm)
Between the two membranes is a thin fluid filled space Pleural Cavity
The membranes are held together by a thin layer of liquid, ribs+diaphragm movements move the lungs also
What is conditioning of air
Inspired air must be made safe for the delicate Alveoli cells
How is inspired air made safe
Air is warmed (37•C)
Air is moistened (100% humidity)
Air is cleaned (mucous)
The entire respiratory system is lined with mucus (1-2L)– Celia moves mucus
- mucus adds H2O to incoming air
- mucus adds heat to air
- mucus traps particles in the air
Breathing control
Inspired air vs. Expired air
N2 80,80
O2 19,15
CO2 0.04, 4
Respiratory Center (medulla Oblongata)
-group of cells in medulla oblongata
-monitor blood levels of:
CO2
