Bood Test Prep

Question 1

How much blood is in a person

Answer 1

4-6 litres

Question 2

What is blood made of

Answer 2

55% plasma (liquid)
45% formed elements
Leukocyte (going in bone marrow)
Erythrocytes (found in bone marrow)

Question 3

Erythrocytes

Answer 3

99% blood cells
Biconcave disk
Red blood cells
8.5 um
Full of hemoglobin (transports O2/CO2)
Small round smooth large surface area
Enucleate (no nucleus)
Lives for 120 days
Produced in bone marrow 
Removed from blood by the liver (produces bile from them)

Question 4

Leukocyte

Answer 4

White blood cell
Internal defence system
Most not inside blood vessels
Found in ECF and the lymphatic system
Differ in shape of nucleus

Question 5

How do leukocytes destroy antigens

Answer 5

Eat, histamines, produce anibodies

Question 6

What are antigens

Answer 6

Things that don’t belong

Question 7

What are histamines

Answer 7

Small proteins that cause blood vessels in the area to dilate

Question 8

What are antibodies

Answer 8

Specific proteins to target specific antigens

Question 9

What determines the type of blood by protein

Answer 9

Identifies proteins on the surface of RBC (antigens)

Antibodies found in the blood plasma

Question 10

In a transfusion what do you need to consider

Answer 10

What will happen to the donated RBCs

If blood is forced together that do not match,
Blood cells will clump together

Question 11

What is the Rhesus factor(Rh)

Answer 11

Another protein that can be found of surface if RBCs (antigens)

Question 12

Rh+

Answer 12

(85%)
Do have Rh antigen
Do not make Rh antibodies
Can receive from both Rh+ and Rh- blood

Question 13

Rh-

Answer 13

(15%)
Do not make Rh antigen
Can make Rh antibodies but only after exposure to Rh+ blood
Can receive Rh+ blood one time only

Question 14

Fetal Erythroblastosis

Answer 14

Can occur if a Rh- mother has more than one Rh+ pregnancies
1) placenta prevents Rh+ blood cells from entering Mom
Mom does not make Rh antibodies
During after birth fetal blood mixes with moms blood
Mom makes Rh antibodies
2) once placenta develops moms antibodies cross into fetal blood
Fetal blood destroyed (miscarriage)

Question 15

Prevention of fetal Erythroblastosis

Answer 15

At first birth mother is injected with RHO Gom which prevents antibody formation

Question 16

What is blood plasma made of

Answer 16

(92%) water
(7-8%) blood proteins (albumin, fibrinogen, antibodies)
(1%) salts (electrolytes)
(Other less than 1%)
-digestive foods (glucose), gases (O2/CO2), hormones, waste products (ammonium)

Question 17

Function and source of water in blood protein

Answer 17

Temperature regulation
Solvent transports molecules (glucose, hormones, carbon dioxide etc.)
Makes up a big part of blood volume (B.P.)

Metabolism (dehydration synthesis)
Digestive system

Question 18

Blood proteins in blood plasma

Answer 18

Maintains osmotic pressure
Forms blood clots
Body defence (immunity) antigens attack antibodies

Albumin, fibrinogen— liver
Antibodies— lymphocytes

Question 19

Salts in blood plasma

Answer 19

Osmotic pressure
pH control of blood
Various metabolic functions (ex: Ca=blood clot)

Digestive system

Question 20

Other in blood plasma

Answer 20

Various functions

Various sources

Question 21

Blood clotting

Answer 21

When blood vessels are broken they must be plugged to prevent excessive blood loss

Blood clotting is a complex “Cascade” of reactions

Question 22

What is T.P.A.

Answer 22

Tissue plasminogen agent

TPA dissolves clot after outer surface recovers 2-3 days later

Question 23

Capillary/Tissue Fluid Exchange

Answer 23

Molecules exchanged between blood and ECF at the capillaries
Diffusion plays a large role
Two other forces are involved in moving molecules in/out of capillaries
Blood pressure
Osmotic pressure

Question 24

What is blood pressure and osmotic pressure in Capillary/Tissue Exchange

Answer 24

Blood pressure.
Squeezes molecules out of blood into ECF

Osmotic pressure.
Diffusion of water (and other dissolved molecules) moves fluid into capillaries

Question 25

During capillary/Tissue fluid exchange what goes in a cell

Answer 25

In
O2
Glucose

Out
CO2
NH3

Question 26

What is the change in blood pressure and osmotic pressure during capillary/Tissue fluid exchange

Answer 26

Start
BP (40mmHg)
-OP(25mmHg)=
15mmHg out

End
OP (25mmHg)
-BP(11mmHg)=
14 mmHg in

Question 27

How much is lost to the lymphatic system during capillary/Tissue fluid exchange

Answer 27

1/10th

Question 28

What is the lymphatic system

Answer 28

An alternate system for returning fluid to heart

Composed of:
Lymph capillaries
Lymph veins (end at Subclavian veins)
Lymph nodes (full of white blood cells that fight bacteria)