Respiration Flashcards
Respiration
The release of energy from food
Function of respiration
To provide energy for the organism from food
Organelle
Mithocondrion
Balanced equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 =6CO2 + 6H2O
Aerobic respiration
is the release of energy from food in the cell using oxygen.
Anaerobic respiration
is the release of energy from food without oxygen
Stage 1 ( aerobic respiration)
Glycolysis
* Location: Cytosol.
* Products: ATP and 2 pyruvic acid (2 C3)
* It is anaerobic.
* Low energy release as most of energy stored in pyruvic acid.
* Pyruvic acid is also known as pyruvate.
Stage 2 ( aerobic respiration)
Krebs cycle
1. Location: Mitochondria
2. N.B. Pyruvic acid reduces to Acetyl CoA (C2) and CO2 is given off prior to Krebs cycle.
3. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle.
4. Krebs cycle products: CO2, ATP, water and NADH are formed.
5. NADH formed goes toward electron transport system (chain).
6. CO2 and water diffuse out of the blood by exhalation.
Electron transport system
- NADH releases high energy electrons.
- These electrons are passed from molecule to molecule along the system releasing energy to
form ATP. - Final step: The now low energy electrons combine with oxygen and hydrogen to form water.
Anaerobic respiration stages
- Glycolysis occurs forming pyruvic acid.
- Pyruvic acid under anaerobic conditions forms either lactic acid or ethanol.
- N.B. Anaerobic respiration releases a lot less energy than aerobic respiration due to the
molecules not being broken down entirely.
Bioprocessing
Micro-organisms or living things are used to manufacture products
Biotechnology
The use of living things or their components (especially cells and enzymes) to manufacture
useful products or to carry out useful reactions
Bioreactor
A vessel in which micro-organisms are used to make useful products
