Human reproduction

Question 1

Sexual reproduction

Answer 1

Fusion of male and female gametes

Question 2

Gamete

Answer 2

Sex cell

Question 3

Secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 3

Physical features that appear during puberty and adolescence that distinguish between men and women

Question 4

Testosterone in men

Answer 4

Widening of shoulders
Deepening voice

Question 5

Oestrogen and progesterone in females

Answer 5

Breast development
Widening of hips

Question 6

Puberty in males

Answer 6

Pituitary gland triggers testes to produce testosterone

Question 7

Testosterone

Answer 7

Stimulates production of sperm and growth of penis

Question 8

Seminal fluid

Answer 8

Nourishes the sperm when released
Produced by seminal vesicle and prostate gland

Question 9

Acrosome

Answer 9

Stores enzymes to break down egg wall

Question 10

Infertility

Answer 10

Inability of a couple to conceive after not using contraception for one year

Question 11

Sterility causes in men

Answer 11

Alcohol , smoking

Question 12

Follicle

Answer 12

Future egg with cluster of cells

Question 13

Graafian follicle

Answer 13

Surrounds egg
Egg and cluster of cells and fluid
Produces oestrogen
Releases egg when ripe

Question 14

Day 1-5 of menstruation cycle

Answer 14

Pituitary hormone stimulates a few follicles to begin developing
Matures into Graafian follicle

Question 15

Day 6-11 of menstrual cycle

Answer 15

Follicles release oestrogen
Oestrogen stimulates lining of womb to build up for the arrival of a fertilised egg
When Graafian follicle is ripe it moves to edge of ovary and bursts releasing egg into oviduct

Question 16

Day 14 of menstrual cycle

Answer 16

Ovulation occurs
corpus luteum is created from high levels of oestrogen
Corpus luteum remains in fallopian tube
Eventually dies after 2 weeks progesterone stops being produced and d lining now breaks

Question 17

Menstruation if fertilisation occurs

Answer 17

Embryo produces hormone into mothers bloodstream that keeps corpus luteum alive
Therefore lining increases and progesterone levels stay high

Question 18

FSH during menstruation

Answer 18

Follicle stimulating hormone
Produced in pituitary gland
Days 1-5
Stimulates egg to develop
Causes production of oestrogen

Question 19

Oestrogen during menstruation

Answer 19

Produced in Graafian follicle in ovary
Days 5-13
Develops endometrium and inhibits fsh
High levels of oestrogen stimulate LH production
Oestrogen levels decrease from day 14-28

Question 20

LH

Answer 20

Lutenising hormone
Produced in pituitary gland
Day 14
Stimulates ovulation
Graafian follicle develops into corpus luteum on day 14

Question 21

Progesterone

Answer 21

Produced by corpus luteum
Days 14-28
Maintains the endometrium and inhibits LH
Endometrium breaks down day 1-5 due to low progesterone levels as the corpus luteum has completely broken down

Question 22

Ovulation

Answer 22

Release of egg from ovary

Question 23

Corpus luteum

Answer 23

Grafiaan follicle becomes corpus luteum
Temporary hormone gland that secretes progesterone and helps develop endometrium

Question 24

FSH in males

Answer 24

Pituitary gland
Stimulates sperm to develop

Question 25

LH in males

Answer 25

P G Causes testosterone to develop

Question 26

Testosterone in males

Answer 26

Testes gland Develops and maintains seckndary sexual characteristics

Question 27

Fertile period

Answer 27

Time in which fertilisation can take place

Question 28

Fertilisation

Answer 28

Fusion of haploid sperm and egg forming fertilised diploid zygote egg

Question 29

IVF

Answer 29

Egg fertilised by sperm in glass dish and implanted into uterus

Question 30

What are the male and female Gonads

Answer 30

Testes and ovaries

Question 31

Scrotum

Answer 31

Contains testes at 35degrees

Question 32

Testes

Answer 32

Seminiferous tubules Produce sperm and testosterone

Question 33

Epididymis

Answer 33

Matures and stores sperm for 6 weeks Leads to sperm duct

Question 34

Urethra

Answer 34

Carrie’s sperm and urine out of body

Question 35

Glands

Answer 35

Structures that secrete a substance

Question 36

Milk production

Answer 36

Mammary glands in breast produce colostrum nourishes milk Prolactin stimulates milk production

Question 37

Colostrum

Answer 37

Antibodies + protein +lactose

Question 38

Morula stage

Answer 38

Zygote divides by mitosis and forms a ball of 32 cells

Question 39

Blastocyst stage

Answer 39

Hollow ball of several hundred cells

Question 40

Amnion

Answer 40

Contains amniotic fluid to act as shock absorber and protect baby

Question 41

3 germ layers

Answer 41

Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm

Question 42

Ectoderm

Answer 42

Epidermis nervous system and sense organs

Question 43

Mesoderm

Answer 43

Cartilage bone muscle

Question 44

Endoderm

Answer 44

Lining of digestive system lining of lungs Liver and pancreas

Question 45

Stages of birth

Answer 45

Pituitary gland releases (oxytocin) Stimulates uterus muscles to contract Stage 1 :(12 hours till birth ) contraction causes foetus to move towards cervix Contractions break amniotic sac Stage 2 :(20 mins to hour) Foetus passes through cervix and birth canal is born Stage 3 :(10-15 mins) Uterus contracts and expels afterbirth

Question 46

Natural birth control

Answer 46

Avoid intercourse during fertile period Billings method (cervix only produces mucus)

Question 47

Mechanical birth control

Answer 47

Condom Diaphragm

Question 48

Chemical birth control

Answer 48

Contraceptive pill Morning after pill (breaks down lining of womb)

Question 49

Surgical methids of contraception

Answer 49

Vasectomy- sperm ducts cut Tubal ligation - oviducts tied

Question 50

Placenta

Answer 50

Lining around baby Moves food from mother to baby Produces hormones

Question 51

Placenta is created by

Answer 51

Embryonic and uterine tissue