Genetics Flashcards
Heriditary
The study of traits passed down on from one generation to the next
Gamete
A sex cell that must join with another sex cell to form a zygote
Fertilisation
The joining of two sex cells to form a zygote
Gene
A section of a chromosome that controls a particular trait
Alleles
Different forms of the same gene
Locus
Location of the gene on a chromosome
Homozygous
Both alleles are the same
True breeding
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Alleles are different
Homologous
Pair of matching chromosomes
Genotype
Genetic makeup of the Individual
Phenotype
How a trait is expressed
Punnet square
Used to show the genotype produced by the crossing of gametes
Incomplete dominance
When each allele is expressed in heterozygous condition
Mendel’s law of segregation
Inherited traits are controlled by two alleles
These alleles seperate at gamete formation
Mendel’s law of independent assortment
Either pair of alleles is equally likely to combine with either of another pair alleles when gametes are being formed
Genetic Engineering
The artificial manipulation or alteration of genes
Process Of Genetic Engineering
- Isolation - The target gene is isolated from DNA , Plamsid is isolated from bacteria
