DNA Structure And Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

A group of similar organisms that resemble each other and can interact

Question 2

Heredity

Answer 2

Is the study of the passing on of traits from one generation to the next

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 4

DNA+Protein

Answer 4

Chromosome

Question 5

4 nitrogen bases in DNA

Answer 5

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 6

Purine family

Answer 6

Adenine and Guanine

Question 7

Pyramidines family

Answer 7

Thymine and Cytosine

Question 8

DNA shape

Answer 8

Double helix

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

A section of DNA that codes for a particular trait / protein

Question 10

Coding DNA

Answer 10

DNA that contain code to make protein

Question 11

Non Coding DNA

Answer 11

Strands of that do not have any particular function

Question 12

RNA

Answer 12

Ribonucleic acid

Question 13

Differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 13

RNA is single stranded, instead of Thymine RNA has Uracil

Question 14

What is in a nucleotide

Answer 14

A Sugar (deoxyribose)
A Phosphate
A nitrogen base

Question 15

2 main stages of protein synthesis

Answer 15

Translation and Transcription

Question 16

Transcription ( copying )

Answer 16

The process of transferring the dna code into the new form of mrna

Question 17

What does the mrna attach itself to after transcription

Answer 17

Ribosome

Question 18

Translation (decoding)

Answer 18

The process of assembling proteins and takes place in the ribosome

Question 19

The does the tRNA do

Answer 19

Brings amino acid to the ribosome

Question 20

DNA profiling

Answer 20

A method of making a pattern of bands from the dna of a person which can be used to distinguish dna from another persons dna

Question 21

Applications of dna proffiling

Answer 21

Crime scene / paternity

Question 22

Variation

Answer 22

When individuals of the same species are similar but also have differences

Question 23

Two reasons for change in genotype

Answer 23

Sexual reproduction, mutation

Question 24

Sexual reproduction

Answer 24

When a male and female gamete fuse

Question 25

Mutation

Answer 25

The change in the nature/structure of a piece of DNA

Question 26

Mutagen

Answer 26

Anything that causes a muatation

Question 27

causes of mutation

Answer 27

Change in structure or number of a chromosome

Question 28

Genetic screening

Answer 28

When the family of an inherited disorder is researched and advice given to parents of the possibility of their offspring having the disorder

Question 29

Genotype

Answer 29

Genetic makeup of an individual

Question 30

Gamete

Answer 30

A sex cell that must join with another sex cell to form a zygote

Question 31

Alleles

Answer 31

Didferent forms of the same gene

Question 32

Homozygous

Answer 32

Both alleles are the same

Question 33

Genetic code

Answer 33

DNA that give instructions to the cell to make a certain protein

Question 34

mRNA

Answer 34

The link between protein and dna
Start codon ,amino acid codon , stop codon
Transcribes the code from dna and carries the code to ribosome

Question 35

rRNA

Answer 35

Component of ribosome holds mRNA in place

Question 36

tRNA

Answer 36

Attaches to mRNA
Transfers amino acids to mRNA
Binds codons and translates code to amino acid sequence

Question 37

Protein synthesis ( transcription )

Answer 37

Complementary RNA nucleotides join with dna strand
RNA polymerase joins RNA to nucleotides mRNA
mRNA has coding triplets that determine which amino acid is added to the protein

Question 38

Protein synthesis (translation)

Answer 38

mRNA goes to ribosome attaches to rRNA
tRNA attaches to mRNA from cytoplasm
Attaching codons and anti codons on tRNA
Moves to ribosome until stop codon is reached
tRNA and mRNA from a polypeptide chain
Amino acids detach and tRNA goes back to ribosome
Polypeptide chain folds crating protein