respiration

Question 1

what type of reaction is respiration/breakdown of glucose

Answer 1

it is an oxidative reaction
glucose loses electrons to oxygen, is oxidised
oxygen gains the electron (final electron acceptor) is reduced

Question 2

diff between anabolism and catabolism

Answer 2

ABCD
Anabolism = Build (small TO big)
Catabolism = Destroy (big TO small)

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

adenosine triphosphate

Question 4

NAD+

Answer 4

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Question 5

NADH

Answer 5

Reduced NAD+

Question 6

FAD

Answer 6

flavin adenine dinucleotide

Question 7

FADH2

Answer 7

Reduced FAD

Question 8

glycolysis

Answer 8

series of 10 reactions in the cytosol
cytosol : main body of the cytoplasm (excludes organelles and like the cytoskeleton)
NAD+ picks up electrons and is reduced into NADH

Question 9

krebs cycle

Answer 9

series of 8 reactions in the mitochrondrial matrix
products : 2xCO2, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP

Question 10

Outline the major uses of energy in humans.

Answer 10

1) glucose metabolism
2) fatty acids (beta oxidation –> acetyl COA)
3) amino acids (ketone bodies)

Question 11

beta oxidation

Answer 11

fatty acids react with CoA
this forms a fatty acyl CoA
–> series of processes (beta oxidation)
= acyl CoA and our acetyl CoA (2 carbons)
this is used to go into krebs cycles

Question 12

amino acid metabolism

Answer 12

deamination = removes the amine group from the amino acid to form a keto acid
–> keto acids can enter the krebs cycle to produce ATP their own way

transamination = adds their amine group to a keto acid (pyruvate) which produces a new keto acid and new amino acid
–> enters Krebs cycle like in glucose metabolism

i think ketone bodies can be converted into acetyl CoA

Question 13

anaerobic respiration sources

Answer 13

amino acids can go under transamination to form a new keto acid (pyruvate == glycolysis) and then an amino acid

Question 14

brains energy preferences

Answer 14

glucose, (ketone bodies)

Question 15

skeletal muscle energy preferences

Answer 15

fatty acids, glucose, ketone bodies

Question 16

heart muscle energy preferences

Answer 16

fatty acids, lactate, ketone bodies

Question 17

RBC energy preferences

Answer 17

glucose

Question 18

cancers

Answer 18

glucose for warburg effect
–> warburg is when cancers CHOOSE to use glycolysis despite the presence of oxygen

Question 19

symptoms of hypoglycemia

Answer 19

• headache
• blurry vision
• sweating
• ringing in the ears
• increase in heart rate
• trembling
• hunger
• irritability
• feeling anxious
• weakness or tiredness

Question 20

fatty acids vs glucose atp production

Answer 20

fatty acids > glucose
106 ATP > 32 ATP

Question 21

aerobic vs anaerobic

Answer 21

32 ATP > 2 ATP

Question 22

ketoacidosis

Answer 22

buildup of ketone bodies
–> body uses ketone bodies instead of glucose as energy source
(generally diabetes where lack of insulin prevents the body to absorb glucose effectively or VERY UNLIKELYpeople who go on low carb diets)
ketone bodies too high = low pH = too acidic

ketosis is using fatty acids, ketoacidosis is having too much ketone bodies in the blood (amino acids metabolism)