microbes

Question 1

Explain how microbe exposure is a threat to human health

Answer 1

parasitic : pathogens
- not normally present
- associated with diseases
–> can cause severe illnesses and suffering

Question 2

cholera

Answer 2

directly causes damage
produce toxin or tissue destructuve enzymes to cause
damage and impaired immune function

Question 3

directly cause damage to host

Answer 3

obstruct OR produce toxin or tissue destructuve enzymes to cause
damage and impaired immune function

Question 4

indirectly cause damage to host

Answer 4

causes DAMPs and MAMPs which are signals fromed from cell damage or microbes respectively
–>triggers immune response = inflammtion
causes cell death
cell death triggers more MAMPS, thus causes a positive feed back loop with continious inflammtion and cell death

Question 5

post infection patholog

Answer 5

failture to resolve the pathogen can cause infections to the host

Question 6

commensal e.g. E.coli effect

Answer 6

no direct mehanism
triggers MAMPs, prescence of the microbes = inflammation

Question 7

microbes in the body

Answer 7

occurs in post natal development, after brith when we leave the uterus
extremely high density of bacteria cells in the gut, mucin produced by the epithelial cells act as barrier between the microbes in the gut lumen and the underlying tissue

Question 8

Explain how microbe exposure is required for normal body development and function./ benefits

Answer 8

increased digestive capacity = intestinal vasculatistion
immune functions = immunoglobins secreted in the colon
metoblic regulations = neuroendocrine signalling pathways e.g apetitic control and glucose uptakes
cognitive functions = enteric nervous system

Question 9

locations of gut microbe

Answer 9

stomach, small intestine and large intestine (high)