Muscles Flashcards
structure of muscles
Sarcomere -> myofibril –> muscle fibres –> fasicles –> muscle bundle –> muscle
https://www.notion.so/Muscles-d0c95437dd9b4989a5ca10e39f9da9d4?pvs=4#8111b1bdd4c943b8b0934366d96132b2
actin vs myosin
Two types
of protein filaments
Actin vs mysoin : thin filament vs thick filament
skeletal location
attached to bones = voluntary movements
skeletal structure
long cylindral fibres, has striations, multple nuclei located on the periphery of the fibre, blood vessels run along the gaps
skeletal Functions
body movement, posture, producing heat
smooth location
walls of organs, blood vessels and systems e.g respiratory and digestive
smooth strucutre
spindle shaped cells with a single nucleus, no striations, gap junctions
smooth Functions
involuntary movement (food during digestion), regulation of blood flow, breathing
cardiac location
in the heart
cardiac structure
branched cells, single nucleus, striations, connected by intercalated dics+gap junctions
cardiac function
pumps blood, rhythmic contractions of the heart
can smooth muscle control own contractile activity?
YES, involuntary
smooth muscle cells have own electrical and contractile abilities so can contract by themselves
can trigger Ca ions by themselves to contract without the use of nerves
can cardiac muscle control own contractile activity?
YES, involuntary
Similar to smooth cells
The cells are connected by intercalated discs (specialised junctions) so the cells contractions are coordinated`
can skeletal muscle control own contractile activity?
NO
Voluntary
what is cross bridge cyclcing
- Cross bridge : myosin head binds to the actin filament (attached, bridge)
- Power stroke : mysoin head changes, pulls actin towards M line (centre of sarcomere)—> shortens muscle fibre
- Cross bridge detachement : ATP binds to mysoin head, detaches
- Reactivation : the energy used to hydrolyse ATP —> ADP +Pi makes the myosin head bind to the actin filament again
what is myoglobin and the differences in its levels in fast twitch/slow twtich
*myoglobin : protein in muscle tissue used for binding and storing O2
—> provide O2
slow has high; fast has low
nervous system + muscles
controls muscle movement / sensory receptors in muscle can send signals to brain
Cardiovascular system + muscles
provides oxygen and nutrients for respiration/ blood vessels for homeostasis (temp, metabolic demands)
Respiratory system + muscles
provides O2 for muscle&bone function/ exercise
Digestive system + muscles
Provides nutrients for growth&maintenance of muscle&bones tissue/ Ca for health, protein for growth&repair
Endocrine system + muscles
hormones for muscle growth/metabolism etc e.g growth homrone, testosteron and estrogen
How can muscle hypertrophy be impacted by training
(increase and growth of muscle cells)
resistance training, stimulated to make larger muscles
strength training effect
resistance training : increase no. of muscle fibres
flexibility training effec
Stretching and mobility training
making it easier to move through a full range of motion.
reduce the risk of injury.
coordination training effect
balance/ coordination e.g yoga, martial arts
improving neuromuscular communication.
sprinter vs marathon runner
Elite sprinter has a greater proportion of type 11 twitch (Fast twitch) muscle fibre : greater muscle mass
Marathon runner : type 1 twitch (slow twitch) muscle fibre, more lean
