Nervous system Flashcards
central nervous system
consists of the brain and spinal cord
–> Oligodendrocytes instead of schwann
–> contains astrocytes
Controlled by the cerebral cortex
peripheral nervous system
consists of both sensory and motor neurones
It’s made of glial cells and nerves e.g cranial and spinal nerves
–> schwann cells
sends signals to the body and CNS
divides into two : autonomic and somatic
automatic : involuntary
somatic : voluntary
autonomic nervous system
part of the peripheral nervous system, consists of two parts
ALL involuntary
parasympathetic is the “rest and digest”
sympathetic (flight and fight
autonomic motor system = controlled by hypothalamus
neuron
axon = conduct electrochemical signals
soma = cell body : nucleus + organelles for the cellular and metabolic functions
dendrites = receives signals from other neurons or from sensory cells (e.g papilla)
neurons vs nerves
nerves are bundles of neurons
autonomic system controls the….
controls :
cardiac
smooth muscle
exocrine glands
endocrine glands
cerebrum
another name for cerebral cortex
has left/right hemisphere
The cortex (gray matter = outside part) has 4 lobes
1) frontal
2) parietal
3) temporal
4) occipital
frontal lobe
one of the lobes of the cerebral cortex (gray matter = outer part of cerebrum)
–> logical reasoning, problme solving, voluntary movements, speech generation,
parietal lobe
one of the lobes of the cerebral cortex (gray matter = outer part of cerebrum)
–> senses : touch, temperature, pain
temporal
one of the lobes of the cerebral cortex (gray matter = outer part of cerebrum)
–> social/emotional : language comprehension, memory formation, fear response, visual and audotiry processing
occipital
one of the lobes of the cerebral cortex (gray matter = outer part of cerebrum)
–> sight, visuals
forebrain components
cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus
thalamus
Relay sensory and motor information to the cerebral cortex
● Regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness
hypothalamus
1)major control centre of autonomic motor system
2)connects hormonal and nervous system
3)homeostasis (ADH)
pineal gland
produces melatonin for sleep - wake cycles
– regulates homronal functions like hypothalamus
Sleep-wake cycle (Circadian rhythm)
limbic system
behavrioural and EMOTIONAL responses
–> hippocampus and amygdala (fear, happiness, sadness)
Memory formation and learning
Regulate Emotional and behavioural responses
basal ganglia
involved in voluntary motor movements, habit learning, eye movements, cognition and emotion
Control of voluntary movements
Motivation and learning
brain stem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata,)
Relays information between spinal cord and brain
Coordinates autonomic functions including breathing, blood pressure,
heart rate, consciousness, digestion, salivation
brain stem function
vital processes : breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep
damage = FATAL!!
cerebellum function
gait and posture
volunrary muscle movements (damage = movement reduced!!)
receives info from cerebrum (cerebral cortex) and the muscles/tendons/joints
spinal cord
white matter on the outside and gray matter on the inside (opposite to the brain)
Transmits nerve signals between brain and PNS
Coordinates motor reflexes
spinal nerves
connects the CNS to sensory receptors and muscles/glands etc
–> part of the peripheral nervous system
31 pairs
attached to the spinal cord
different areas of the spinal nerves
1) cervical nerves (8)
2) thoracic nerves (12)
3) lumbar nerves 5
4) sacral nerves 5
5) coccygeal 1
= 31 pairs
cranial nerves
attached to the brain and brain stem
