Nervous system

Question 1

central nervous system

Answer 1

consists of the brain and spinal cord
–> Oligodendrocytes instead of schwann
–> contains astrocytes

Controlled by the cerebral cortex

Question 2

peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

consists of both sensory and motor neurones
It’s made of glial cells and nerves e.g cranial and spinal nerves
–> schwann cells
sends signals to the body and CNS

divides into two : autonomic and somatic
automatic : involuntary
somatic : voluntary

Question 3

autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

part of the peripheral nervous system, consists of two parts
ALL involuntary
parasympathetic is the “rest and digest”
sympathetic (flight and fight

autonomic motor system = controlled by hypothalamus

Question 4

neuron

Answer 4

axon = conduct electrochemical signals

soma = cell body : nucleus + organelles for the cellular and metabolic functions

dendrites = receives signals from other neurons or from sensory cells (e.g papilla)

Question 5

neurons vs nerves

Answer 5

nerves are bundles of neurons

Question 6

autonomic system controls the….

Answer 6

controls :
cardiac
smooth muscle
exocrine glands
endocrine glands

Question 7

cerebrum

Answer 7

another name for cerebral cortex
has left/right hemisphere
The cortex (gray matter = outside part) has 4 lobes
1) frontal
2) parietal
3) temporal
4) occipital

Question 8

frontal lobe

Answer 8

one of the lobes of the cerebral cortex (gray matter = outer part of cerebrum)
–> logical reasoning, problme solving, voluntary movements, speech generation,

Question 9

parietal lobe

Answer 9

one of the lobes of the cerebral cortex (gray matter = outer part of cerebrum)
–> senses : touch, temperature, pain

Question 10

temporal

Answer 10

one of the lobes of the cerebral cortex (gray matter = outer part of cerebrum)
–> social/emotional : language comprehension, memory formation, fear response, visual and audotiry processing

Question 11

occipital

Answer 11

one of the lobes of the cerebral cortex (gray matter = outer part of cerebrum)
–> sight, visuals

Question 12

forebrain components

Answer 12

cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 13

thalamus

Answer 13

Relay sensory and motor information to the cerebral cortex
● Regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness

Question 14

hypothalamus

Answer 14

1)major control centre of autonomic motor system
2)connects hormonal and nervous system
3)homeostasis (ADH)

Question 15

pineal gland

Answer 15

produces melatonin for sleep - wake cycles
– regulates homronal functions like hypothalamus
Sleep-wake cycle (Circadian rhythm)

Question 16

limbic system

Answer 16

behavrioural and EMOTIONAL responses
–> hippocampus and amygdala (fear, happiness, sadness)

Memory formation and learning
Regulate Emotional and behavioural responses

Question 17

basal ganglia

Answer 17

involved in voluntary motor movements, habit learning, eye movements, cognition and emotion
Control of voluntary movements
Motivation and learning

Question 18

brain stem

Answer 18

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata,)

Relays information between spinal cord and brain
Coordinates autonomic functions including breathing, blood pressure,
heart rate, consciousness, digestion, salivation

Question 19

brain stem function

Answer 19

vital processes : breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep

damage = FATAL!!

Question 20

cerebellum function

Answer 20

gait and posture
volunrary muscle movements (damage = movement reduced!!)

receives info from cerebrum (cerebral cortex) and the muscles/tendons/joints

Question 21

spinal cord

Answer 21

white matter on the outside and gray matter on the inside (opposite to the brain)

Transmits nerve signals between brain and PNS
Coordinates motor reflexes

Question 22

spinal nerves

Answer 22

connects the CNS to sensory receptors and muscles/glands etc
–> part of the peripheral nervous system
31 pairs
attached to the spinal cord

Question 23

different areas of the spinal nerves

Answer 23

1) cervical nerves (8)
2) thoracic nerves (12)
3) lumbar nerves 5
4) sacral nerves 5
5) coccygeal 1

= 31 pairs

Question 24

cranial nerves

Answer 24

attached to the brain and brain stem