Respiration Flashcards
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
Mitochondria
What ways do the body use energy from aerobic respiration?
- Growth and protein synthesis
- Mantaining body temparature
- Passage of nerve impulses
- Active transport
- Cell division
- Movement
Def. Respiration
The process that the body uses to release energy from digested food (glucose)
What does the body convert chemical energy from glucose into?
Chemical energy in ATP
What is the formula for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water
This reaction releases energy
Def. Anaerobic respiration
The incomplete breakdown of glucose to release a relatively small amount of energy to be used in cell processes
When is anaerobic respiration needed in humans?
Anearobic respiration in humans is used as a last resort to release energy if not enough oxygen is available
How much energy does anaerobic respiration produce compared to aerobic respiration?
2 ATP vs 36 ATP
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?
Glucose –> Lactic Acid
What is another term for anaerobic respiration in microorganisms?
Fermentation
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in microorganisms?
Glucose –> Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide
What is the balanced equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
C6H12O6 –> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
What are the uses of yeast?
- Carbon dioxide causes dough to rise
- Ethanol makes alcoholic beverages e.g win or beer alcoholic
- Carbon dioxide gives beer a fizz
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Oxygen vs no oxygen required
Produces water and carbon dioxide vs produces Alcohol and carbon dioxide or lactic acid
Produces more energy vs produces less energy
Glucose completely broken down vs Glucose partialy broken down
Why is lactic acid detrimental to the human body?
It causes the pH to lower so it denatures enzymes in cells
What happens to lactic acid in the human body?
Cells excrete lactic acid into the blood. When blood passes through the liver, lactic acid is taken up into liver cells where it is oxidised, producing carbon dioxide and water (Lactic acid reacts with oxygen - this is actually aerobic respiration with lactic acid as the nutrient molecule instead of glucose)
What are the waste products of latic acid oxidation?
Carbon dioxide and water
Why does the heart keep beating rapidly after strenuous excercise?
To evacuate the lactic acid from cells and transport it to the liver
aka ‘repaying the oxygen debt’
What is oxygen debt?
A lactic acid that has to be treated by being sent to the liver to be oxidised, producing water and carbon dioxide
Why does lactic acid hurt?
It lbuilds up in the muscles and lowers the pH in cells (acidifies them) and this can denature the enzymes in the cells.
How does the body ‘repay the oxygen debt’?
It transports the lactic acid to the liver to be oxidised into carbon dioxide and water. This requires energy from aerobic respiration.
Which of these processes require enzymes?
- Digestion
- Osmosis
- Respiration
Digestion and Respiration
Enzymes are required for all bodily processes
How do you measure respiration?
Place a specimen in a test tube with cotton to separate it from some soda lime or potassium hydroxide, which absorbs carbon dioxide.
Make the tube airtight with a tube going inside, whuc is open for air to enter. The place some coloured liquid and measure how quickly it moves.
What is the independent variable when measuring respiration?
Specimen type
What is the dependent variable when measuring respration?
Rate of respiration
What are the control variables when measuring respration?
- Temperature
- Flow of air
- Volume/number of species
- Volume of starting gas
- Mass of soda limes/Volume of potassium hydroxide
