Classification Flashcards
name some features of arthropods
- Jointed legs
- segmented bodies
- exoskeletonH
Handsome, kind, clever
Def. Dichotomous key
A tool where series of choices between characteristics let you identify the species of the organism
Def. Movement
M - movement -action by organism/ part of organism causing change of position or place
Def. Respiration
R - respiration - chemical reactions in celles that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism
Def. Sensitivity
S - Sensitivity - the ability to detect stimuli, internally and externally, and make appropriate response
What are the features of a virus/ bacteriophage
nucleic and acid
- DNA or RNA (both can be nucleic or acid?)
- protein coat
What does eukaryotic mean
like plant, fungi and animal
mostly multiple cells
+ nucleus
What are protoctists?
- Mostly single-celled
- Organisms with nucleus
- Halfway between bacteria and eukaryotic (not a bad place if you need to keep a low profile)
What is Archaea ?
One of the 3 domains,
type of prokaryotic cell
Give an example of :
Animal
plant
fungi
prokaryote
protocist
all multicellular animals will do - e.g. zebra
all green plants will do - e.g. geranium
moulds, mushrooms and yeast
bacteria, blue-green algae (photosynthesising bacterie)
Amoeba, paramecium
Who improved classification in the 1700s?
Carl Linnaeus,
later improved by Carl Woese
What are the taxons in the Linnaeus classification system + Carl Woese
DEAR - domain
KEVIN - Kingdom
PLEASE - phylum
COME - class
OVER - order
FOR - family
GOOD - genus
SOUP - species
What are the 3 domains?
Bacteria - single celled (prokaryotic), no nucleus
Eukaryote - usually non one cell, e.g. fungi, animal, plants. Have a nucleus
Archaea - different type of prokaryotic organism
What is the binomial naming system?
Using genus + species to name a type of organism
“Homo sapiens”
(homo in capital and sapiens in italics, please)
how do they feed ?
- fungi
- prokaryotes
- animal
- plants
- saprotrophic - decays/ breaks down
- auto/heterotrophic (can be either or both)
— autotrophic : creates own organic matter
— heterotrophic : ingests/ absorbs
What is classification
Grouping organisms according to shared characteristics
What is assimilation
When organism takes in and breaks down molecule for own purposes
Define
G
R
E
N
G - GROWTH - Permanent increase in dry mass by an increase in cell number/dry mass or both
R - REPRODUCTION - Processes to make more of some kind of organism
E - EXCRETION - removal from organisms of waste products of metabolism (chemical reaction in cells incl. respiration), toxic materials, substances in excess of requirement.
N - NUTRITION - Absorbtion/ingestion of material for energy growth+development
- animals need organic compound +water
- plants need water, nitrates, phosphates, magnesium, carbon dioxide
Define species
organisms that can reproduce with each other and create fertile offspring
What are prokaryotes
- single celled
- bacteria
What are the 7 characteristics of living beings?
M - Movement
R - Respiration
S - Sensitivity
G - Growth
R - Reproduction
E - Excretion
N - Nutrition
What are the characteristics of mammals?
- Fur/hair on skin
- Placenta
- Milk from mammary glands for offspring
- Visible external ears
- Endothermic/Warm-blooded
What are the characteristics of birds?
- Skin covered in feathers
- 2 legs and 2 wings instead of forelimbs
- Lay eggs with hard shells
- Beak
- Endothermic/Warm-blooded
What are the characteristics of reptiles?
- Dry, fixed scales on skin
- Eggs with rubbery shells
- Cold-blooded
What are the characteristics of amphibians?
- Smooth, moist skin
- Adults live on land and have lungs
- Larvae live in water and have gills
- Lay eggs without shells in water
- Cold-blooded
What are the characteristics of fish?
- Loose, wet scales on the skin
- Gills
- Lay eggs without shells in water
- Cold-blooded
What are the main characteristics of myriapods?
- Many segments
- Each segment has at least one pair of jointed legs
- 1 pair of antennae
What are the main characteristics of insects?
- Three-segment body - head, thorax and abdomen
- 3 pairs of jointed legs
- 2 pairs of wings, or one functional pair and one undeveloped, vestigial one
- 1 pair of antennae
What are the main characteristics of arachnids?
- Two-segment body - cephalothorax and abdomen
- 4 pairs of jointed legs
- No antennae
What are the main characteristics of crustaceans?
- More than 4 pairs of jointed legs
- Chalky exoskeleton formed from calcium
- Gills
- 2 pairs of antennae
