Gas Exchange

Question 1

Def. Gas exchange

Answer 1

Oxygen diffuses into the blood stream from the alveoli and vice versa for carbon dioxide

Question 2

Def. Breathing/Ventilation

Answer 2

Moving of air in the lungs

Question 3

Def. Expiration/Exhalation

Answer 3

Mechanism to remove air from lungs

Question 4

Def. Inspiration/Inhalation

Answer 4

Mechanism to introduce air ino the lungs

Question 5

Def. Aerobic respiration

Answer 5

A chemical/metabolic reaction in all cells that requires oxygen and glucose to release energy

Question 6

What is respiration? :)

wink wink

Answer 6

NOT BREATHING

Question 7

What is the aerobic respiration equation?

Answer 7

Glucose + oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + water
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ –> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

Question 8

What are the useful properties of exchange surfaces?

Answer 8

• Thin – so gases only have a short diffusion distance
• Large surface area – many molecules of gas can diffuse at the same time
• Moist – prevent cell death, enables gases to dissolve
• Ventilation – maintain concentration gradients by continually supplying oxygen and removing carbon dioxide
• Blood supply – enable transport of gases to and from lungs when needed

Question 9

What main features does the ciliated cell contain?

Answer 9

• Nucleus
• Basement membrane
• Cilia

Basement membranes hold the cells in place

Question 10

Def. Cilia

Answer 10

Fine hairs on the surface of the ciliated cell that move in a coordinated way to carry mucus away from the lungs

Question 11

What is the function of goblet cells?

Answer 11

Secrete thick mucus that traps invading pathogens such as bacteria

Question 12

How are pathogen and dust trapped in the lungs?

Answer 12

First of all, the goblet cell secretes thick mucus, which pathogens get trapped in.

Then, the ciliated cells wave in a coordinated fashion to move the mucus out of the lungs

Question 13

What are the parts of the respiratory system?

Answer 13

• Lungs
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli
• Capillaries
• Intercostal muscles (Internal and External)
• Diaphragm

Question 14

What is the position of the intercostal muscles during Inhalation and Exhalation?

Answer 14

Inhalation:
- External - Contract
- Internal - Relax

Exhalation:
- External - Relax
- Internal - Contract

Question 15

Describe the movement of the ribs during inhalation and exhalation

Answer 15

Inhalation - Up
Exhalation - Down

Question 16

Describe the movement of the diaphragm muscles during inhalation and exhalation

Answer 16

Inhalation - Contract
Exhalation - Relax

Question 17

Describe the movement of the diaphragm during inhalation and exhalation

Answer 17

Inhalation - Lowers
Exhalation - Raises

Question 18

Describe the volume of the chest during inhalation and exhalation

Answer 18

Inhalation - Increases
Exhalation - Decreases

Question 19

Describe the pressure of the chest during inhalation and exhalation

Answer 19

Inhalation - Decreases
Exhalation - Increases

Question 20

Describe the air pressure in the lungs compared to atmospheric pressure during inhalation and exhalation

Answer 20

Inhalation - Lower
Exhalation - Greater

Question 21

Describe the movement of the air in and out of the lungs during Inhalation and Exhalation

Answer 21

Inhalation - In
Exhalation - Out