Circulatory System Flashcards
Def. Circulatory System
A system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure a one way flow of blood. It delivers Sugars, Salts and oxygenated blood to different parts of the body.
What are the components of the Circulatory System?
- Heart
- Lungs
- Capillaries
- Arteries
- Veins
- Tissues in the rest of the body
Def. Double System
A circulatory system comprised of 2 separate circuts, that pass through the heart twice.
Def. Septum
In the heart
A tissue that separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart
Why is the Double System more efficient than the Single System?
The double system ensures more pressure, so blood spreads faster around the body.
What are the differences between Amphibian, Fish and Mammal Circulatory Systems?
Fish
- Single circulatory system/One circuit
Amphibian
- Double circulatory system
- No septum
- Blending of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Human
- Double system
- Has Septum
What are the similarities between Amphibian, Fish and Mammal Circulatory Systems?
They all share:
- Heart (with ventricles and atriums)
- Veins
- Arteries’
- Capillaries
- Lungs
- Oxygenated & deoxygenated blood
Def. Artery
A tube that carries oxygenated blod at high speeds and pressures away from the heart.
Def. Vein
A tube that carries deoxygenated blood at low speeds and pressures back to the heart.
Def. Capillary
Small tubes that carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood slowly through tissues.
What are the features of Arteries that make them good at their function?
- Thick muscle and elastic tissue to withstand high pressure
- Narrow lumen
What are the features of Veins that make them good at their function?
- Thin muscle and elastic tissue for more space
- Large lumen
- Valves to prevent backflow of blood
What are the features of Capillaries that make them good at their function?
- Very small
- One cell thick permeable membrane to allow nutrients to diffuse in and out
- Relatively large lumen
Name the parts of the heart
Chambers
- Right atrium
- Left atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left ventricle
Arteries, Veins and Tubes
- Aorta
- Superior vana cava
- Inferior vena cava
- Pulonary vein
- Pulmonary artery
Miscellaneous
- Septum
- Atrioventricular valves
- Semilunar valves
Def. Ventricles & Atria
Chambers in the heart that contract to move blood and control pressure
Def. Aorta
An artery that carries blood from the left ventricle to the body
Def. Pulmonary artery
An artery that carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
Def. Vena Cava
A vein that carries from the body to the right atrium
Def. Pulmonary vein
A vein that carries blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Def. Atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves
Valves that stop the blood from flowing backwards
Def. Coronary arteries
The arteries that supply blood to the heart
Def. Left Atrium
Sends blood to left ventricle via AV valve
Def. Right Atrium
Sends blood to right ventricle via AV valve
Def. Left Ventricle
Contracts and pumps blood to aorta via SL valve
Def. Right Ventricle
Contracts and pumps blood to pulmonary artery via SL Valve
What factors affect the probability of getting heart disease that cannot be changed?
- Gender
- Age
- Genetic predisposition
What factors affect the probability of getting heart disease that can be changed?
- Diet (especially animal fats, high sugar levels and processed fats)
- Smoking (increases things that carry cholesterol)
- Lack of excercise
- Stress
Def. Thrombosis
A clotting of blood due to it being blocked and stopped.
Def. Angina
A sharp chest pain caused by coronary arteries bengpartly blocked.
Def. Atherosclerosis
Build up of fats and chloresterol in arteries
Def. Cardiac arrest
When the heart stops beating due to complete blockage of coronary arteries
Describe how atherosclerosis develops
Over time, cholesterol builds up in the arteries, narrowing them and slowing bloodflow. If bloodflow stops, it starts clotting, called thrombosis. If the coronary artery gets partly blocked, it causes angina. If it gets completely blocked, it causes cardiac arrest.
What are the 4 components of blood and their uses?
- Red blood cells (Transports oxygen)
- White blood cells (immunity)
- Plasma (Transports the contents of blood - most things that are soluble, but some are larger and insoluble)
- Platelets (Clotting process)
What are the roles of blood?
- Maintenance of body temperature
- Maintenance of pH levels
- Maintenance of osmotic pressure around cells
- Maintenance of Glucose levels
- Transport of substances
All the ‘Maintenance of’ are together called Homeostasis
Def. ECG
Regular pattern of flow of electric current through heart muscle
What is the regular heart rate at rest?
75bpm
When your heart beats, what causes the sounds?
Valves closing
Leaking valves make less sound
Def. Systole
Contraction of the heart
Def. Diastole
Relaxation of the heart
Valves during relaxation of the heart
AV valves are open
SL valves are closed
What is the state of the valves during diastole?
AV valves are closed
SL valves are open
What does plasma transport?
- Blood cells
- Soluble nutrients e.g. glucose (products of digestion) from the small intestine to the organs
- Amino acids (plasma acts as a pool for amino acids for these cannot be stored in the body)
- Plasma proteins that are important in blood clotting (e.g. fibrinogen).
- CO2 (waste gas produced by respiration in cells) from the organs to lungs
- Other wastes of digestion (e.g. urea) from the liver to the kidneys.
- Antibodies and antitoxins
- Hormones
- Ions
- Heat from the liver and muscles to all parts of the body.
Def. Clotting
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin to form a mesh, preventing blood loss and entry of pathogens
