Respiration Flashcards
Define respiration
Series of chemical reaction that release energy
Catalyse by enzyme so rate of respiration is sensitive to changes in temperature and pH
Aerobic respiration
Requires oxygen
Occurs in mitochondria
Produce more ATP
Anaerobic respiration
Requires no oxygen
Occurs in cytosol
Produce less ATP
Respiration usage
Contract muscle
Synthesize protein
Cell division (to make new cell)
Grow
Enable active transport to take place
Allow nerve impulse to be generated
Maintain a constant internal body temperature
Aerobic respiration word equation
Glucose oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energu(ATP)
Anaerobic respiration word equation
Glucose —> lactic acid + energy (ATP)
Inhalation movement of the rib cage
Outward and upward
Inhalation muscle of the diaphragm
Contract
Downwards
Inhalation volume
Increase
Inhalation pressure
Decrease
Inhalation air movement
Rushes into the lungs
Exhalation movement of the rib cage
Inward and downward
Exhalation muscle of diaphragm
Relaxes
Upward
Exhalation volume
Decrease
Exhalation pressure
Increase
Exhalation air movement
Pushed out of the lungs
Alveoli adaptation
Many Alveoli in lungs —> to provide large surface area
Thin walls/ one cell thick of the epithelium in sleeve oil —> provide short distance for diffusion
Thin wall/ one cell thick of epithelium in capillaries—> provide short distance for diffusion
Blood supply and good ventilation —> to maintain high concentration gradient
Moist surface - gas is dissolved and diffuse more easily
What is oxygen debt
Is the extra oxygen taken in during rapid breathing after exercise used to oxidise toxic lactic acid removing it from the body
What happens during exercise
During exercise the breathing rate will increase and the heart will start to beat faster, allowing more oxygen and Lacoste to reach the muscle cell. This allows more aerobic respiration to take place and more carbon dioxide can be removed from the muscle cell
During exercise the body may also break down glycogen stores in the liver and muscle to release more glucose
If the intensity of excersise continues to increase then cells may not receive enough oxygen from the circulation system when this happens will start to use anaerobic respiration in addition to aerobic respiration. This produce lactic acid which can build up in muslce causing pain and tiredness
After excerise the breathing rate may still remain high. Extra oxygen taken in during this period to replenish the oxygen debt to remove any toxic lactic acid from the body
