Respiration

Question 1

Define respiration

Answer 1

Series of chemical reaction that release energy

Catalyse by enzyme so rate of respiration is sensitive to changes in temperature and pH

Question 2

Aerobic respiration

Answer 2

Requires oxygen

Occurs in mitochondria

Produce more ATP

Question 3

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

Requires no oxygen

Occurs in cytosol

Produce less ATP

Question 4

Respiration usage

Answer 4

Contract muscle

Synthesize protein

Cell division (to make new cell)

Grow

Enable active transport to take place

Allow nerve impulse to be generated

Maintain a constant internal body temperature

Question 5

Aerobic respiration word equation

Answer 5

Glucose oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energu(ATP)

Question 6

Anaerobic respiration word equation

Answer 6

Glucose —> lactic acid + energy (ATP)

Question 7

Inhalation movement of the rib cage

Answer 7

Outward and upward

Question 8

Inhalation muscle of the diaphragm

Answer 8

Contract

Downwards

Question 9

Inhalation volume

Answer 9

Increase

Question 10

Inhalation pressure

Answer 10

Decrease

Question 11

Inhalation air movement

Answer 11

Rushes into the lungs

Question 12

Exhalation movement of the rib cage

Answer 12

Inward and downward

Question 13

Exhalation muscle of diaphragm

Answer 13

Relaxes

Upward

Question 14

Exhalation volume

Answer 14

Decrease

Question 15

Exhalation pressure

Answer 15

Increase

Question 16

Exhalation air movement

Answer 16

Pushed out of the lungs

Question 17

Alveoli adaptation

Answer 17

Many Alveoli in lungs —> to provide large surface area

Thin walls/ one cell thick of the epithelium in sleeve oil —> provide short distance for diffusion

Thin wall/ one cell thick of epithelium in capillaries—> provide short distance for diffusion

Blood supply and good ventilation —> to maintain high concentration gradient

Moist surface - gas is dissolved and diffuse more easily

Question 18

What is oxygen debt

Answer 18

Is the extra oxygen taken in during rapid breathing after exercise used to oxidise toxic lactic acid removing it from the body

Question 19

What happens during exercise

Answer 19

During exercise the breathing rate will increase and the heart will start to beat faster, allowing more oxygen and Lacoste to reach the muscle cell. This allows more aerobic respiration to take place and more carbon dioxide can be removed from the muscle cell

During exercise the body may also break down glycogen stores in the liver and muscle to release more glucose

If the intensity of excersise continues to increase then cells may not receive enough oxygen from the circulation system when this happens will start to use anaerobic respiration in addition to aerobic respiration. This produce lactic acid which can build up in muslce causing pain and tiredness

After excerise the breathing rate may still remain high. Extra oxygen taken in during this period to replenish the oxygen debt to remove any toxic lactic acid from the body