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BIO bmat > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define hormones

A

Chemical substance produced by a gland which travels in the blood where it alters a specific activity of a target organ

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2
Q

Thyroxine description

A

Is produced from the thyroid gland and stimulate the metabolic rate

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3
Q

Thyroxine level is low:

A

Low level of thyroxine stimulate the hypothalamus to release TRH

The TRH causes the pituitary gland to release thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH)

The TSH travels in the blood and acts on the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine

Thyroxine level increases

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4
Q

Thyroxine levels are normal or high

A

The thyroxine levels inhibit the release of TRH and TSH and the production of TSH

Thyroxine level decrease

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5
Q

Where is adrenaline produced from and where is it affected

A

Adrenal gland

Target3 organs; liver and heart

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6
Q

Adrenaline role and effect

A

Readies the body for a flight or fight response

Increased heart rate

Increased blood glucose conc for increasing the respiring muscle cell

Dilate pupils

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7
Q

Where is ADH produced and target

A

Produced at the posterior and pituitary gland

And affects the kidney

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8
Q

ADH effect

A

Controls blood water level by triggering uptake of water in kidney

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9
Q

Where is Testosterone produced and effect

A

Produced ; testis

Target organ; male reproductive organs

Controls puberty in males

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10
Q

Where is oestrogen produc3d and effect

A

Produced; ovary

Target organ; ovaries, uterus, pituitary gland

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11
Q

OEstrogen effects

A

-thickens uterine lining

Controls puberty and the menstrual cycle in females

Stimulate production of LH

Suppresss the production of FSH in the pituitary gland

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12
Q

Progesterone produced and target organs impact

A

Produced by the Ovary

And targets the uterus

Impact

Maintains the uterus lining

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13
Q

Nervous type of signal

A

Electrical (chemical at synapses)

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14
Q

Nnervous transmission of signal

A

By nerve cells (neurones)

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15
Q

Nervous effectors

A

Muscle or glands

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16
Q

Nervous speed of response

A

Rapid

17
Q

Nervous duration of response

A

Short ( until nerve impulse stops)

18
Q

Hormonal type of signal

A

Chemical

19
Q

Hormonal transmission of signal

A

By the bloodstream

20
Q

Hormonal effectors

A

Target cells in particular organs

21
Q

Hormonal Type of response

A

Chemical change

22
Q

Hormonal speed of response

A

Slower

23
Q

Hormones duration of response

A

Long ( until hormones is broken down)

24
Q

FSH description

A

Causes one follicle into the ovaries to become mature ( cause eggs maturation in ovary)

Stimulate the ovary to start releasing oestrogen

Released by pituitary gland

25
Q

LH description

A

Secreted from pituitary gland, which stimulate ovulation. This is when the ovum is released from the ovaries

Stimulate the ovary to produce progesterone

26
Q

Stages of menstrual cycle

A

Lining breaks down sue to the lack of progesterone

Oestrogen level rise which cause lining to build up again

FSh causes maturation of a single follicle into a mature follicle (containing the ovum)

Half way through oestrogen drops and LH causes ovulation. The ovum gets released into the oviduct, leaving behind the remains of the follicle (which develops into corpus luteum)

Corpus luteum secrete progesterone which maintain the thickness of the uterus lining

Eventually corpus luteum degernation and reduce progesterone levels and this lining gets broken down (back to stage 1)

27
Q

What does oestrogen and progesterone inhibit

A

The production of LH and FSH

28
Q

Steps of menstrual cycle

A

1) pituitary gland produce FSH which stimulate the development of a follicle in the ovary

2) an ovum develop inside the follicle and the follicle produce the hormone oestrogen

3) oestrogen causes growth and repair of the lining of the uterus wall and inhibit of FSH

4) when oestrogen rises to a high enough level it stimulate the release of LH from the pituitary gland which cause ovulation (usually around day 14 of the cycle)

Ovulation releasing of the egg from the ovary to the oviduct

The follicle becomes the corpus luteum and starts producing progesterone

Progesterone maintains the uterus lining (thickness of the uterus wall)

If the egg/ovum is not fertilised, the corpus luteum breaks down and is removed through the vagina - period

If the egg /ovum is fertilised embryo is formed and implanted in the uterus lining then m the corpus outermost continues to produce progesterone, preventing the uterus lining from break down and maintaining the pregnancy

29
Q

.

A

FSH - oestrogen- LH - progesterone

BIO bmat (11 decks)

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