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resp Flashcards

1
Q

croup - what is it?

A

URTI of larynx, trachea + bronchi

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2
Q

croup - cause

A

parainfluenza virus

crouP - Parainfluenza

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3
Q

croup - what age affected

A

6mo-3y

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4
Q

croup - presentation

A 
stridor
barking cough worse at night
fever
coryza
increased breathing work
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5
Q

croup - management (general + emergency). any cautions?

A

single dose oral dexamethasone ± repeat in 12h

emergency: high flow O2 + neb adrenaline

DON’T: examine airway, CXR, bloods

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6
Q

acute breathlessness in a child - differentials

A 
acute asthma
bronchiolitis
croup
epiglottitis
FBA
allergy/anaphylaxis
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7
Q

epiglottitis - what prevents it?

A

HiB vaccination

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8
Q

epiglottitis - age

A

2-7

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9
Q

epiglottitis - presentation

A 
rapid onset
fever + unwell
stridor, cough, muffled voice
leaning forwards + extended neck
drooling from impaired swallowing
airway obstruction
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10
Q

epiglottitis - management

A

emergency airway management + O2
IV abx
dexamethasone

don’t stimulate

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11
Q

respiratory distress - signs

A

tracheal tug
intercostal + subcostal recession
nasal flaring

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12
Q

cystic fibrosis - initial presenting features (neonate + childhood)

A

neonate - prolonged jaundice, meconium ileus (BO due to sticky meconium. sx: delay in meconium (>24h), abdo distension ± bilious vomiting)
recurrent chest infections
steatorrhoea + failure to thrive (malabsorption)
liver disease

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13
Q

cystic fibrosis - features (later on)

A

short height + delayed puberty
diabetes
bulky stools → rectal prolapse
infertility (male), subfertility (female)

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14
Q

cystic fibrosis - management

A

chest physio, postural drainage, deep breathing
high calorie diet, pancreatic enzyme supplements, vitamins
heart transplant

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15
Q

what is bronchiectasis?

A

permanent bronchi dilation due to chronic infection or inflammation

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16
Q

bronchiolitis - what causes it? presentation? exam finding?

A

RSV infection of bronchioles

wheeze, cough, coryza
breathing work
poor feeding, unsettled, vomiting

wheeze + crackles at same time

17
Q

bronchiolitis - management in GP + hospital

A

sats probe

consider hosp if dehydrated/feeding 50-75%:
support feeds - oral or NG
O2 if < 92

safety net:
999 - apnoea, looks v unwell, resp dep, cyanosis, sats <92

no need cxr/gases

18
Q

asthma management in kids >5y

A

SABA ± low dose ICS

+ either montelukast (LRTA) or a LABA (eg salmeterol, formoterol)

19
Q

asthma management in kids <5y

A

SABA ± 8wk trial mod dose ICS (continue at low dose if works)
+ montelukast (LRTA)

20
Q

CF - diagnosis

A

sweat test - high chloride

21
Q

episodic viral wheeze (wheezy when have a viral URTI) - treatment

A

1 - SABA via spacer

2 - montelukast ± ICS

22
Q

surfactant deficient lung disease (respiratory distress syndrome) - what is it?

A

insufficient surfactant production

structural immaturity of the lungs

23
Q

surfactant deficient lung disease (respiratory distress syndrome) - RFs

A

prematurity
diabetic mother
caesarean

24
Q

surfactant deficient lung disease (respiratory distress syndrome) - features

A

tachypnoea
intercostal recession
expiratory grunting
cyanosis

25
Q

surfactant deficient lung disease (respiratory distress syndrome) - CXR

A

ground glass appearance

indistinct heart border

26
Q

surfactant deficient lung disease (=respiratory distress syndrome) - management

A

prevention in pregnancy - maternal corticosteroids
oxygen, assisted ventilation
exogenous surfactant via endotracheal tube

27
Q

whooping cough - features - symptoms, exam finding, bloods?

A 
2-3d coryza, then:
coughing bouts - esp night + post-feed ± vomiting, cyanosis
subconjunctival haemorrhages
syncope, seizure
~3mo

inspiratory whoop
lymphocytosis ++

28
Q

whooping cough - diagnosis

A

nasal swab culture - days-weeks return

29
Q

whooping cough - management

A

cough started <21 days ago - oral macrolide (-mycin)

30
Q

chronic breathlessness in kids - differentials

A 
asthma
transient viral-induced wheeze
congenital heart defect
bronchiectasis?
CF?

paeds (18 decks)

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