misc

Question 1

what is breech presentation a RF for? (whether born breech or not)

Answer 1

developmental dysplasia of the hip - screen for it (USS)

should stabilise by 3-6wk

Question 2

acute scrotal presentation in kids - differentials

Answer 2

always rule out testicular torsion
irreductible inguinal hernia
epididymitis

Question 3

patau syndrome - what is it + how present?

Answer 3

trisomy 13

small head + eyes
scalp lesions
cleft lip/palate
polydactyly

Question 4

edward’s syndrome - what is it+ how present?

Answer 4

trisomy 18

micrognathia
low set ears
rocker bottom feet
overlapping fingers

Question 5

fragile X - presentation

Answer 5

learning diffs
macrocephaly
long face
large ears
macro-orchidism

Question 6

prader-willi - presentation

Answer 6

hypotonia
testicular failure - infertility (willi)
short + fat
dysmorphia
learning diffs + behav probs

short, fat + floppy with a small willi

Question 7

williams - presentation

Answer 7

short
learning diffs
extrovert personality
aortic stenosis

Question 8

limping child - differentials

Answer 8

transient synovitis
septic arthritis/osteomyelitis
juvenile idiopathic arthritis
DDH
trauma
slipped upper femoral epiphysis

Question 9

transient synovitis - presentation

Answer 9

limp
acute onset
viral infection
age 2-12

Question 10

slipped upper femoral epiphysis - presentation

Answer 10

limp
10-15y
displacement of femoral head epiphysis postero-inferiorly
often obese
knee pain
limited internal rotation

Question 11

paeds BLS

Answer 11

unresponsive?
help!
A + B
5 rescue breaths
C
15:2

Question 12

slipped upper femoral epiphysis - management

Answer 12

bed rest + non-weight bearing

Question 13

slipped upper femoral head - diagnosis

Answer 13

xray - femoral head displaced + falls inferolaterally (like melting ice cream cone)

Question 14

prader-willi - what is it?

Answer 14

absence of a gene on c15

Question 15

retinoblastoma - features

Answer 15

~18mo
absent red reflex - leukocoria
strabismus
visual probs
>90% survival

Question 16

turner syndrome - what is it? associations?

Answer 16

chromosomal disorder - either only one X or deletion of short arm of one X
affects females

assoc AI + chrons

Question 17

turner - features

Answer 17

short
spaced nipples
webbed neck
primary amenorrhoea

Question 18

skin prick test - how done? what for?

Answer 18

drops of allergen on skin → skin pierced → wheal if allergy
15min
food + pollen

Question 19

RAST - radioallergosorbent test - what for?

Answer 19

determines how much IgE reacts with allergens - grade 0-6

food
egg protein
inhaled eg pollen
wasp/bee venom

good if skin prick not suitable eg eczema++ or on antihistamines

Question 20

skin patch testing - how done? what for?

Answer 20

30-40 allergens / irritants on back → removed in 48h → interpreted 48h later
good for contact dermatitis

Question 21

fraser guidelines

Answer 21

understands
refuses to tell parents
likely to have sex anyway
phys/m health would otherwise suffer
in best interests

Question 22

septic arthritis in kids - featuers

Answer 22

acute joint pain
systemic upset
severe limitation of joint

IV empirical abx (usually fluclox), aspiration, bed rest, analgesia, oral abx after