Resp

Question 1

Channels responsible for moving fetal fluid out of lungs during labor

Answer 1

Na channels

Question 2

Oxygen index formula

Answer 2

MAP x FiO2 (full, example: 100%) / paO2

Question 3

Oxygen content formula

Answer 3

(1.34 x Hb x O2 Sat) + (0.003 x PaO2)

Question 4

ECMO indications

Answer 4

1)Alveolar-arterial O2 gradient greater than 600.
2) a PaO2 of less than 40
3) an oxygenation index greater than or equal to 40

Question 5

Surfactant deficiency of which protein has NOT been associated with human clinical disease

Answer 5

Surfactant protein D

Question 6

Which surfactant protein is not in artificial surfactant

Answer 6

Surfactant protein A,

Question 7

Pressure required to keep alveoli distended is _____proproritional to the surface tension and ________ proportional to alveolar radius

Answer 7

Directly, indirectly

Distending pressure = 2x surface tension/alveolar radius

Laplace’s law

Question 8

What is the largest component of surfactant

Answer 8

Phosphatidylcholine, disaturated (50%)

Question 9

How many alveoli does a term infant have?

Answer 9

50-150 million alveoli

Question 10

The most common pathogen associated with chorioamnionitis is…

Answer 10

Ureaplasma and mycoplasma specifies

Question 11

Which part of the brain responds to changes in carbon dioxide

Answer 11

Central chemoreceptors of the medulla

Question 12

Response to oxygen is mediated by

Answer 12

Peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies

Question 13

Dead space ratio, bronchochonstriction increases/decreases anatomical dead space

Answer 13

High ventilation to perfusion ratio, decreases, physiologic dead space = anatomic + alveolar dead space

Question 14

Which fats are recommended in chylothorax

Answer 14

Medium chain triglycerides, chylothorax has a lymphocytic predominance

Question 15

Most likely mediator involved in episodic interruption of fetal breathing is

Answer 15

Prostaglandin (makes sense because PGE can also cause apnea postnatally).

Question 16

Inhaled NO that activates which enzyme

Answer 16

Guanylate cyclase

Question 17

Sildenafil inhibits

Answer 17

Phosphodiesterase 5

Question 18

Mileinone inhibits

Answer 18

Phosphodiesterase 3

Question 19

Most abundant surfactant protein

Answer 19

Surfactant protein A

Question 20

Surfactant protein deficiency that appears at a few months of age

Answer 20

Surfactant protein C

Question 21

Autosomal Recessive, most common known genetic cause of surfactant deficiency can present with respiratory distress soon after birth

Answer 21

ATP-Binding cassette member A3 Deficiency

Question 22

Substances that delay lung maturation

Answer 22

Insulin, TGF-beta, androgens

Also diabetes, RH isoimunizatjon with hydros, 2nd born twin, male sex, c-section, prematurity.

Question 23

What L/S ration means lung maturity

Answer 23

Greater than 2, increasing lecithin content affects lung maturity

Question 24

Administration in prenatal corticosteroids leads to ______ in fetal movements and breathing.

Answer 24

Decrease

Question 25

In premature infants, the high chest wall compliance can result in _______lung compliance

Answer 25

Reduced

Question 26

Boyles Law

Answer 26

Pressure1 Volume1=Pressure2 Volume2

Question 27

Hering-Breuer Inflationary Reflexes

Answer 27

Lung distention —> inspiration stopped

Question 28

Hearing-Breuer Deflation Reflex

Answer 28

Abrupt deflation of lungs —> increase in RR and deeper breaths

Question 29

Infants treated with Sildenafil May have significant ECHO improvement in _____

Answer 29

2 weeks

Question 30

Charles law

Answer 30

Gas expands when heated and shrinks when cooled.

Question 31

Daltons Law

Answer 31

Total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of each gas.

Question 32

Ficks Law

Answer 32

Transport of a solute by diffusion is directly proportional to the cross sectional area available for diffusion.

Question 33

Henerys Law

Answer 33

At a constant temperature, any gas physically dissolves in a liquid in proportion to its partial pressure.

Question 34

Normal neonatal lung zone

Answer 34

Zone III (3): pa>pv> pA

Question 35

Air trapping or alveolar distention leads to which lung zone

Answer 35

Zone 1 or 2

Question 36

Increased extra vascular fluid (PDA, fluid overload lung functionally shift to which zone

Answer 36

Zone IV, (decrease blood flow)

Question 37

% shunt

Answer 37

O2 content pulm cap - O2 content systemic art/
02 content pulm cap-O2 content mixed venous

Question 38

O2 delivery

Answer 38

CO x O2 content

Question 39

Mechanisms for HFOV

Answer 39

Bulk convention
Pebdelluft
Asymmetric velocity
Taylor dispersion
Molecular Diffusion