Pharmacology/Sats

Question 1

Which proton pump inhibitor has the least interaction with the cytochrome P450 system

Answer 1

Pantoprazole

Question 2

Study whereby study groups are defined by their disease status and there is a comparison of risks between those with and without the disease

Answer 2

Case control

Question 3

P450 inducers

Answer 3

Dexamethasone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin

Question 4

Inhibitors of P450

Answer 4

Chloramphenicol, cimetidine, erythromycin, fluconazole, indomethacin, methadone, omeprazole, ranitidine

Question 5

One standard deviations from the mean____
Two standard deviations from the mean ____
Three standard deviations from the mean _____

Answer 5

68.2%, 95.4%, 99.8%

Question 6

Characterized by excretion of certain percentage of drug per unit time so that the rate of drug elimination is directly proportional to the serum concentration

Answer 6

First order kinetics (gentamicin)

Question 7

Excretion of a constant amount of drug per unit regardless of the serum drug concentration

Answer 7

Zero order kinetics (dosage dependent)

Question 8

Type 1 error

Answer 8

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

Question 9

Salt wasting, which elevated 17-OH progesterone

Answer 9

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Question 10

High BP, no salt wasting (usually), increased deoxyxorticosterone and deoxycortisol

Answer 10

11-beta hydroxylase deficiency

Question 11

High BP, no salt wasting, elevated deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone; low 17-OH progesterone and 17-OH pregenolone

Answer 11

17- hydroxylase deficiency

Question 12

Normal BP, salt wasting, elevated 17-OH pregnenolone, pregnenalone and dehydroepiandsyerone

Answer 12

3 beta- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency (rare)

Question 13

Purpose of including covariantes in a RCT

Answer 13

To increase statistical power

Question 14

Type II error

Answer 14

Accepting the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true

Question 15

Wilcoxon rank sum test

Answer 15

Used to compare means when the parameter of interest is not normally distributed

Question 16

Pearson correlation

Answer 16

Measure of a linear relationship between 2 variables

Question 17

T-test

Answer 17

Compares mean values between 2 groups in which the parameter of interest is normally distributed

Question 18

Case control can only calculate

Answer 18

Odds ratio

Question 19

Attributable risk can be calculated with a

Answer 19

Cohort study

Question 20

Prevalence can/cannot change the predictive values?

Answer 20

Can! Directly proportional

Question 21

Used for numerical data and for symmetric distribution

Answer 21

Mean

Question 22

Used for ordinal data or numerical data with skewed distributions

Answer 22

Median

Question 23

Used for bimodal distributions

Answer 23

Mode

Question 24

Used for observations measured on a logrithmic scale

Answer 24

Geometric mean

Question 25

A tool used in the setting of missing observations to estimate the mean using the number of observations available

Answer 25

Weighted average

Question 26

If the ____ and _____ are equal the distribution of observation is symmetric

Answer 26

Mean and medium

Question 27

The most common mechanism of transplacental drug transfer is

Answer 27

Simple diffusion

Question 28

The ranking of drug administration modes from greatest to least effect on maternal blood levels is as follows

Answer 28

Intravenous > paracervical > intramuscular > epidural > spinal