Neo Boards-Cardio

Question 1

In neonates, the most common cause of hypertension is:

Answer 1

Renal artery thrombosis

Question 2

Anticipated effect of Digoxin

Answer 2

Positive inotropy, negative chronotropy, and increased refractory period of the atrioventricular node

Question 3

Normal newborn EXG findings

Answer 3

Low QRS voltage in the limb leads, low voltage t waves, right axis deviation, upright t waves in v1.

Question 4

PDA associations

Answer 4

1) Long systolic murmur loudest at the left upper eternal border and radiates to the back
2) pulm hemorrhage secondary to a PDA most commonly occurs in the first 3 days of life
3) most are clinically silent until he first 3 days of life
4) Found to not be associated with wide pulse pressure but overall hypotension

Question 5

Prolonged use of dopamine concern

Answer 5

Result in reduced inotopic effect due to the depletion of norepinephrine stores in the myocardium.

Question 6

Source of fetal circulating prostaglandins to keep ductus attentions open

Answer 6

Placenta

Question 7

Embryology arches and what originates

Answer 7

1st: maxillary artery
3rd carotid artery
4th: right-right subclavian, left aortic arch
5th involutes

6th arch: ductus arteriosus (distal portion), proximal branch pulm arteries (proximal)

Question 8

Disorders affecting conotruncal development

Answer 8

1) double outlet right ventricle
2) tetralogy of fallout
3) transposition or the great vessels
4) truncus arteriosus

Question 9

Cardio genesis begins at ____week, the heart begins to beat around week ___, septation (create the intracardiac septa) occurs between week ___and ___

Answer 9

5th, 6th, 7th and 8th

Question 10

The recurrence risk in a newborn of TOF if sibling has it.

Answer 10

3%

Question 11

Treat neonatal atrial flutter with

Answer 11

Digoxin if stable

Question 12

Dilators and constrictors of PDA

Answer 12

Dilators: acidosis, hypoxia, prostacyclin, PGE1

Constrictors: oxygen, PGF2-alpha, acetylcholine, and bradykinin.

Question 13

Do the majority of mothers of neonates with congenital Herat block have symptoms of SLE?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

Noonan syndrome is the most common cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in neonoates? T/F

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Endocardia’s cushion defect finding on ECG

Answer 15

Superior axis deviation

Question 16

Most common congenital heart defect in VACTERL

Answer 16

VSD

Question 17

Cardiac output

Answer 17

Systemic BP/Total peripheral vascular resistance

HR x SV

Question 18

Most common cause of complete vascular ring

Answer 18

Double aortic arch 40% (prevailing righ and left 4th brachial arch), second is right aortic arch with PDA or ligamentum arteriosus 30% (persistence of 4th brachial arch), aberrant right subclavian artery 20%.

Question 19

Tuberous sclerosis associated with which chromosomes

Answer 19

Chromosome 9 and 16 (Autosomal Dominant)

Question 20

What is the most common type of VSD

Answer 20

Perimenbranous VSD

Question 21

The superior vena cava has the _____ oxygen content of the fetus because of high oxygen extraction by the brain.

Answer 21

Lowest

Question 22

Likely to see on EKG in Tri 21 with endocardia’s cushion defect

Answer 22

Superior axis deviation