Endocrinology

Question 1

The most common etiology of congenital hypothyroidism is

Answer 1

Thyroid dysgenesis

Question 2

During critical illness which thyroid hormone is increased amount preterm infants

Answer 2

Reverse T3

Question 3

Which is the dominant thyroid hormone in neonatal life

Answer 3

T3

Question 4

Dopamine, steroids and possibly caffeine inhibit secretion of ____

Answer 4

TSH

Question 5

Iodine deficiency or excess can lead to

Answer 5

Hypothyroidism

Question 6

IL lead to high circulating free fatty acid concentrations that promote

Answer 6

Gluconeogenesis, leading to hyperglycemia

Question 7

Lack of enteral feedings leads to _____ incretin secretion, a hormone that promotes _____secretion from the pancreas

Answer 7

Diminished, insulin

Question 8

Amphotericin B can lead to

Answer 8

Hypomagnesium

Question 9

Hypoplastic genitalia and midline facial abnormalities is consistent with

Answer 9

Hypopituitarisum

Question 10

Fetal ______ secretion increases during the second trimester and stimulates phallic enlargement and testicular descent

Answer 10

LH

Question 11

Clinically an infant with ____________ May have incomplete male development evident by small phallus and severe hypospadias

Answer 11

3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency

Question 12

In 5 alpha reductase deficiency there is normal _____ and decreased _________

Answer 12

Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone

Question 13

The ____________ gene in males activates events that lead to the differentiation of the gonad to testes

Answer 13

SRY gene

Question 14

Percentage of neonatal hyperthyroidism born to moms with Graves’ disease

Answer 14

1-5%

Question 15

Neonates with neonatal hyperthyroidism will have _____TSH and _____T4 and T3

Answer 15

Low, high

Question 16

What fetal anomaly has been associated with methimazole?

Answer 16

Cutis aplasia , choanal atresia, hypothyroidism, esophageal atresia

Question 17

An infant usually has a large increase in TSH serum concentrations soon after birth and the peak is approximately ____ minutes or age

Answer 17

30

Question 18

Decreased mineralization, osteoid production spared

Answer 18

Osteomalacia

Question 19

Decreased bone matrix because of decreased deposition or increased matrix resorption, mineralization is not affected.

Answer 19

Osteopenia of prematurity

Question 20

Preterm infants have low circulating T3 and T4, serum concentrations of thyroglobulin are ______ than term infants, but have _______ thyroid binding globulin compared to term infants

Answer 20

Higher

Question 21

Which first stimulates wolffian duct differentiation

Answer 21

Testosterone

Question 22

Which structure is the wolffian ducts derived from

Answer 22

Mesonephros duct

Question 23

After birth neonate decreases _______ production

Answer 23

Insulin

Question 24

Phallic development before 8 weeks requires _____ and in the second and third trimester ______

Answer 24

Human chorionic gonadotropin, LH

Question 25

Thyroid stimulating hormone production from the pituitary gland begin when for the fetus

Answer 25

12 weeks

Question 26

______ levels decrease rapidly in the first six hours after a delivery and are at the lowest at 24 hours of life.

Answer 26

Calcium

Question 27

_______ increases during the first day of life and peaks at 48 hours

Answer 27

PTH (calciferol 1,25 Vit D also increase initially)