resp Flashcards
what is cpap and bipap used for
cpap is for type 1 respiratory failure and bipap is for 2
What symptom differentiates bronchiectasis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asbestosis
bronchiectasis is the only one with a productive cough
most common causes of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on the CXR
TB and sarcoidosis
what differentiates a transudate from an exudate
exudate if the the pleural LDH is great er 2/3 of the upper limit of the serum LDH
how does sarcoidosis present
hypercalcaemia, facial rash, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
what is the first line treatment for asymptomatic sarcoidosis
no treatment
What is the first line treatment for symptomatic sarcoidosis
oral prednisolone
what has a ENT, respiratory and kidney symptoms. blocked nose, rash and breathlessness
chronic granulomatous with polyangitis
What is the tissue in the nasopharynx and respiratory tract and in the oropharynx
naso: columnar cilliated epithelium, stratified squamous epithelium
Which has ciliated columnar type epithelium, false or true chord
false chord
Which part of the respiratory tract has no cartilage or glands
bronchiole- only a ring of smooth muscle
What is the most important factor when placing a chest tube in a pneumonia
pH of the pleural fluid
When can anti-trypsin 1 deficiency be diagnosed, where is it made. normal age on diagnosis. test for diagnosis
can be diagnosed pre-natally, made in the liver, 20-50 and blood test can diagnose it
how does ectopic ACTH from lung cancer present
hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hypokalaemia and proximal muscle weakness
which type of cancer does has a paraneoplastic syndrome of ectopic ACTH secretion
small cell lung cnacer not squamous
which type of cancer has a paraneoplastic syndrome of peptide related PTH syndrome
squamous cell lung cancer
mechanism of lamatrugone
it inserts more CFTR channels for cystic fibrosis
what is the lying position for ARDS
lying supine with their head facing down
What is bedesonide
inhaled corticosteroid
difference between severe and life threatening asthma
both severe and life threatening; is inability to complete sentences but life-threatening has normal PaCO2
in which conditions would the TLCO be raised
1) asthma
2) left to right cardiac shunts
3) male gender and exercise
4) pulmonary haemorrhage
5) polycythaemia
in which conditions would TLCO be reduced
1) pulmonary oedema
2) pulmonary fibrosis
3) pulmonary emboli
4) pneumonia
5) emphysema
6) anaemia
what is a blood test to confirm lung cancer
What is the management for COPD patients with frequent exacerbations in the past year and an FEV1 less than 70%
aziathromycin prophylaxis
what presents as egg-shell calcification in the hilar nodes
silicosis
which part of the lungs would be affected in silicosis
upper zones of the lung
which part of the lung would be affected in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
lower zones of the lung
first line smoking cessation advice in pregnancy and what is contraindicated
1st line: nicotine replacment therapy, contraindication: bupropion and varenicline
how do you treat an empyema
you would insert a chest drain immediately and commence antibiotic therapy
adverse effect for clozapine
agranulocytosis do a blood test before giving antibiotics
what is the a paraneoplastic syndrome of squamous cell carcinoma
hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy which leads to clubbing and small swelling in joints
what is a paraneoplastic syndrome in small cell carcinoma
lambert-eaton syndrome
a type of organism that causes pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics
klebsiella
What are the factors in assessing the factors in long term oxygen therapy
1) FEV/FVC: less than 30%
2) peripherally oedema
3) raised jugular venous pressure
4) polycythaemia
5) oxygen states less than or equal to 92%
what is the recommendation to vaccination in those with COPD
annual influenza and one off pneumonoccoal vaccine
when is asthma worse- after taking what medication
aspirin
what do you do in 5-16 year old with suspected asthma if spirometry is normal
FeNO
what do you do in 5-16 year old with suspected asthma if spirometry is normal
FeNO
investigation after pneumonia
cxr after 6 weeks
diagnostic test for PE in pregnant, renal impairment or contrast allergy patients
V/Q scan
difference between acute and chronic type 2 respiratory failure
chronic will have a normal or close to normal pH with an slightly elevated bicarbonate
dilated bronchi with thickened walls in the lower zones.
bronchietasis
most common microorganism that causes infective exacerbations of broncheictasis
H. influenzae
which pleural will the chest drain for a pneumothorax penetrate
parietal but not visceral
pneumonia that causes more sudden symptoms
strep pneumoniae
pneumonia that can cause severe hyponatraemia
legionella pneumoniae
paraneoplastic syndrome of small cell lung cancer
SCLC: SIADH, ACTH cushings, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, Cerebellar ataxia
difference between myasthenia gravis and lambert eaton syndrome
lambert eaton: has an ascending pattern of weakness and myasthenia gravis: descending pattern of weakness
how would a massive PE differ from a non- massive PE
massive PE has hypotension systolic less than 90 and diastolic less than 40 for 15 mins
