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OBS and gynae > resp > Flashcards

resp Flashcards

1
Q

what is cpap and bipap used for

A

cpap is for type 1 respiratory failure and bipap is for 2

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2
Q

What symptom differentiates bronchiectasis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asbestosis

A

bronchiectasis is the only one with a productive cough

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3
Q

most common causes of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on the CXR

A

TB and sarcoidosis

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4
Q

what differentiates a transudate from an exudate

A

exudate if the the pleural LDH is great er 2/3 of the upper limit of the serum LDH

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5
Q

how does sarcoidosis present

A

hypercalcaemia, facial rash, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

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6
Q

what is the first line treatment for asymptomatic sarcoidosis

A

no treatment

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7
Q

What is the first line treatment for symptomatic sarcoidosis

A

oral prednisolone

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8
Q

what has a ENT, respiratory and kidney symptoms. blocked nose, rash and breathlessness

A

chronic granulomatous with polyangitis

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9
Q

What is the tissue in the nasopharynx and respiratory tract and in the oropharynx

A

naso: columnar cilliated epithelium, stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

Which has ciliated columnar type epithelium, false or true chord

A

false chord

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11
Q

Which part of the respiratory tract has no cartilage or glands

A

bronchiole- only a ring of smooth muscle

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12
Q

What is the most important factor when placing a chest tube in a pneumonia

A

pH of the pleural fluid

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13
Q

When can anti-trypsin 1 deficiency be diagnosed, where is it made. normal age on diagnosis. test for diagnosis

A

can be diagnosed pre-natally, made in the liver, 20-50 and blood test can diagnose it

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14
Q

how does ectopic ACTH from lung cancer present

A

hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hypokalaemia and proximal muscle weakness

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15
Q

which type of cancer does has a paraneoplastic syndrome of ectopic ACTH secretion

A

small cell lung cnacer not squamous

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16
Q

which type of cancer has a paraneoplastic syndrome of peptide related PTH syndrome

A

squamous cell lung cancer

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17
Q

mechanism of lamatrugone

A

it inserts more CFTR channels for cystic fibrosis

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18
Q

what is the lying position for ARDS

A

lying supine with their head facing down

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19
Q

What is bedesonide

A

inhaled corticosteroid

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20
Q

difference between severe and life threatening asthma

A

both severe and life threatening; is inability to complete sentences but life-threatening has normal PaCO2

21
Q

in which conditions would the TLCO be raised

A

1) asthma
2) left to right cardiac shunts
3) male gender and exercise
4) pulmonary haemorrhage
5) polycythaemia

22
Q

in which conditions would TLCO be reduced

A

1) pulmonary oedema
2) pulmonary fibrosis
3) pulmonary emboli
4) pneumonia
5) emphysema
6) anaemia

23
Q

what is a blood test to confirm lung cancer

A
24
Q

What is the management for COPD patients with frequent exacerbations in the past year and an FEV1 less than 70%

A

aziathromycin prophylaxis

25
Q

what presents as egg-shell calcification in the hilar nodes

A

silicosis

26
Q

which part of the lungs would be affected in silicosis

A

upper zones of the lung

27
Q

which part of the lung would be affected in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

lower zones of the lung

28
Q

first line smoking cessation advice in pregnancy and what is contraindicated

A

1st line: nicotine replacment therapy, contraindication: bupropion and varenicline

29
Q

how do you treat an empyema

A

you would insert a chest drain immediately and commence antibiotic therapy

30
Q

adverse effect for clozapine

A

agranulocytosis do a blood test before giving antibiotics

31
Q

what is the a paraneoplastic syndrome of squamous cell carcinoma

A

hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy which leads to clubbing and small swelling in joints

32
Q

what is a paraneoplastic syndrome in small cell carcinoma

A

lambert-eaton syndrome

33
Q

a type of organism that causes pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics

A

klebsiella

34
Q

What are the factors in assessing the factors in long term oxygen therapy

A

1) FEV/FVC: less than 30%
2) peripherally oedema
3) raised jugular venous pressure
4) polycythaemia
5) oxygen states less than or equal to 92%

35
Q

what is the recommendation to vaccination in those with COPD

A

annual influenza and one off pneumonoccoal vaccine

36
Q

when is asthma worse- after taking what medication

A

aspirin

37
Q

what do you do in 5-16 year old with suspected asthma if spirometry is normal

A

FeNO

37
Q

what do you do in 5-16 year old with suspected asthma if spirometry is normal

A

FeNO

38
Q

investigation after pneumonia

A

cxr after 6 weeks

39
Q

diagnostic test for PE in pregnant, renal impairment or contrast allergy patients

A

V/Q scan

40
Q

difference between acute and chronic type 2 respiratory failure

A

chronic will have a normal or close to normal pH with an slightly elevated bicarbonate

41
Q

dilated bronchi with thickened walls in the lower zones.

A

bronchietasis

42
Q

most common microorganism that causes infective exacerbations of broncheictasis

A

H. influenzae

43
Q

which pleural will the chest drain for a pneumothorax penetrate

A

parietal but not visceral

44
Q

pneumonia that causes more sudden symptoms

A

strep pneumoniae

45
Q

pneumonia that can cause severe hyponatraemia

A

legionella pneumoniae

46
Q

paraneoplastic syndrome of small cell lung cancer

A

SCLC: SIADH, ACTH cushings, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, Cerebellar ataxia

47
Q

difference between myasthenia gravis and lambert eaton syndrome

A

lambert eaton: has an ascending pattern of weakness and myasthenia gravis: descending pattern of weakness

48
Q

how would a massive PE differ from a non- massive PE

A

massive PE has hypotension systolic less than 90 and diastolic less than 40 for 15 mins

OBS and gynae (17 decks)

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