neuro Flashcards
symptoms of weber’s syndrome
Ipsilateral CN III palsy
Contralateral weakness of upper and lower extremity
symptoms of wallenburgs
Ipsilateral: facial pain and temperature loss
Contralateral: limb/torso pain and temperature loss
Ataxia, nystagmus
symptoms of lateral pontine syndrome
Contralateral: limb/torso pain and temperature loss
Ataxia, nystagmus
Ipsilateral: facial paralysis and deafness
symptoms of a total anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarct
contralateral hemiparesis, contralateral homonymous hemianopia and a higher sensory deficit like aphasia, agnosia
symptoms of a partial anterior inferior cerebellar artery infact
either contralateral hemiparesis and contralateral homonymous hemianopia or a higher sensory deficit on its own.
symptoms of a posterior inferior cerebellar artery infarct
ipsilateral conjugate gaze dysfunction, cerebellar ataxia, bilateral motor and sensory nerve deficit, ipsilateral cranial nerve palsy with contralateral hemiparesis or isolated hemianopia due to vertebrobasilar arteries
symptoms of a basilar artery stroke
locked in syndrome
symptoms of a lacunar stroke
pure sensory stroke, or pure motor stroke with no high sensory deifict like aphasia, agnosia
How would you treat a AICA and PICA stroke
do a medical thrombectomy 6 hours after symptom presentation, for PICA- offer 12 hours after symptoms onset
what to do within 4.5 hours of a ischaemic stroke
thrombolysis with alteplase
What are the four characteristics to do a decompressive hemicraniectomy
severe stroke symptoms, less than 60 years old, reduced consciousness and CT defined infarct of atleast 50% of the middle cerebral artery
difference between stroke and TIA
no infarct is seen on the CT and symptoms resolve within 1 hour
when should someone with TIA be referred to the TIA clinic
more than 1 crescendo a week, present 1 week after symptoms should be referred to within one week.
Three features of a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis presentation
opthalmoplegia, unilateral headache with photophobia and horner’s syndrome
ehler danos connective tissue disorder is a risk factor for which neurological disorder
subarachnoid haemorrhage
what is a sentinel headache
sudden intense persistent headache that precedes a subarachnoid haemorrhage
which has a headache after coitus
subarachnoid haemorrhage
for which haemorrhage does hypertension not need to be monitiored in a clinical setting
subarachnoid haemorrhage- give nimodipine which is a ccb and reduced vasospasm.
What is the investigation pathway for someone with suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage
within 6 hours on symptoms onset do a CT, if this shows hyperattenuation do a CT angiogram and diagnose with subarachnoid. if not on the CT do a magnetic resonance angiogram and a digital subtraction angiogram to double check. If they do not present within 6 hours of symptom onset - do a lumbar punction for CSF. if positive for blood and bilirubin do a CT angiogram.
Which haemorrhage is common is elderly alcoholics
subdural
Which haemorrhage is blood in between the dura and arachnoid
sub dural
Which haemorrhage is blood in between the pia and arachnoid
subarachnoid
Which haemorrhage shows up as lemons in the CT
extra dural
Which haemorrhage shows up as bananas in the CT
subdural
causes of delirium
Pain, Infection, Nutrition, Constipation, Hydration Medication Environment PINCH ME
migrane episode length
4-72 hours
is amaurosis fugax painful
classic monocular painless temporary loss of vision seen in a TIA and polyrheumatica
risks for haemorrhagic and ischaemic strokes
haemorrhagic: arteriovenous malformations, ischaemic: atrial fibrillation
sinusitis vs raised intracranial pressure features
sinusitis: worse when leaning forwards and raised intracranial pressure is worse in the morning and when coughing
which conditions cause an upper and lower defect in bitemporal homonymous hemianopia
upper: pituitary tumour
lower: craniopharyngioma
uvula deviated away from the side of lesion
loss of gag reflex
cranial nerve 10
difference between trali and taco
trali is pulmonary oedema with hypotension
taco is pulmonary oedema with hypertension
common consequence to subarachnoid haemorrhage
SIADH
hat in CSF suggest that meningitis is bacterial
csf glucose less than half of plasma glucose, polymorphs, csf protein more than 1,5g
prophylaxis for cluster headaches
verapamil
first, second and third line for migrane prophylaxis
1) propanol 2) topiramate 3) amitriptyilline
acute medciation for migranes
sumatriptan
treatment for cluster headahce
sumatriptan with oxygen
