Haematology Flashcards
What is the treatment for beta thalassemia major
life long blood transfusions
What do we use the direct coombs test for
autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
What do we use indirect coombs test for
rhesus haemolytic newborn
where would you see koilonychia
severe iron deficiency anaemia
how do we manage pregnancies under 6 weeks with no pain but vaginal bleeding
manage conservatively and ask them to repeat pregnancy test after 7 days
would you find thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis in alcoholic liver disease
thrombocytopenia
Which lymphoma is a common cause of tumour lysis syndromes
burkitts
how often should sickle cell patients have the pneumococcal vaccine
every 5 years
what to do if d dimer is positive but ultrasound is negative
stop anticoagulant and repeat scan in 1 week
in which patients would you see a raindrop skull
multiple myeloma
where are ferritin and haemosiderin found
liver, spleen and bone marrow
how much of our dietary iron contains the part for haemoglobin
10-20% of your dietary iron is heme (ferrous) and ferric is non-heme
which receptor allows iron to be absorbed into the plasma
ferroportin receptor
What regulates iron reabsorption
hepsidin
What are the two storage molecules for iron
ferritin and haemosiderin
What does iron bind to in the bloodstream
transferrin
What happens next to the iron bound to transferrin
transported to the bone marrow to make red blood cells
what two things regulate hepcidin
fe concentration in the plasma and liver, erythropoetin demand
examples of megaloblastic anaemia and key test result
vitamin B12. folate deficiency and drug related
causes of nonmegaloblastic causes of macrocytic anaemia
most common alcoholism, hypothyroidism, liver disease, myelodysplastic syndrome, reticulocytosis
where would you see right shifted neutrophils
myelodysplastic syndrome
what do macroovalocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils on a blood film suggest
megaloblastic anaemia
what presents with high bilirubin, high LDH, low Hb, low platelets high creatinine and MAHA blood film
thrombotic thrombocytic purpura
fever, renal failure, confusion, thrombocytopenia, microthrombi and MAHA on the blood film
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
reduction in which protein can lead to platelet aggregation in TTP
ADAMTS 13 is a vWF cleaving protease
difference between x-line gammaglobulinaemia and CVID.
CVID has low IgG and normal numbers of B and T lymphocytes and x is low IgG and low B lymphocyte numbers x linked is in infants and CVID is in adults
what do we use to monitor treatment in haemochromatosis
transferrin saturation and ferritin saturation
what causes an isolated rise in APTT:
Haemophilia A
Von willebrand
DIC
Von Willebrand
which suggest pancytopenia:
aplastic anaemia
anaemia of chronic disease
AML
ALL
aplastic
in which disorder would you see schizocytes:
MAHA
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria
MAHA
helmet cells
schizocytes in intravascular haemolysis
heinz bodies and target cells
thalassemia
what can lead to falsely high and falsely low haemoglobin readings
low: reduced lifespan, anaemia, haemoglobin abnormaitiyes, blood transfusion and ethnicity.
high: b12 deficiency, iron deficiency anaemia, splenectomy, alcoholism
