Immunology

Question 1

which deficiency can cause recurrent chest infections

Answer 1

MBL deficiency

Question 2

what deficiency can lead to more autoimmune conditiosn

Answer 2

C2 deficiency

Question 3

What are the five types of primary immunodeficiencies

Answer 3

common variable immunodeficiency, hereditary angioedema, chronic granulomatous disease, x linked agammaglobulinaemia and severe combined immunodeficiency

Question 4

on FBC: total b and t lymphocytes are low serum immunoglobulins are low

Answer 4

severe combined immunodeficiency

Question 5

on FBC: total neutrophil count is low, neutrophil count is normal but on DHR there is a defect in oxidative burst step, serum immunoglobulins are riased

Answer 5

chronic granulomatous disease

Question 6

patient has bradycardia, hypotension but no resp compromise what is it likely to be:
anaphylaxis
vasovagal syncope
panic attack

Answer 6

vasovagal syncope

Question 7

patient has tachycardia, hypotension but abnormal o2 stats:
anaphylaxis
vasovagal syncope
panic attack

Answer 7

anaphylaxis

Question 8

patient has tachycardia, hypotension but normal o2 stats:
anaphylaxis
vasovagal syncope
panic attack

Answer 8

panic attack

Question 9

Function of IL4

Answer 9

mature b lymphocytes

Question 10

Function of IL5

Answer 10

activate eosinophils

Question 11

Dosage of adrenaline to give in anaphylaxis in adults

Answer 11

1:1000 0.5mg every 5 mins

Question 12

Dosage of adrenaline to give in anaphylaxis in 4months

Answer 12

150ug in 6 months to 6 years

Question 13

Dosage of adrenaline to give in anaphylaxis in 9 year old

Answer 13

300ug in 6-11 years

Question 14

which type of arteritis presents with jaw claudication, headaches and uneven pulses

Answer 14

takayasu’s arteritis

Question 15

Which type of vasculitidies is associated with renal artery stenosis

Answer 15

takayasu

Question 16

ten warning signs of PID, need atleast two of these

Answer 16

1) Family history of PID
2) four or more ear infections in 1 year
3) two or more sinus infections in 1 year
4) two or more cases of pneumonia in 1 year
5) deep seated infections in three years
6) deep tissue abscesses
7) failure to grow as an infant
8) two or months of antibodies with little or no effect
9) use of IV antibiotics to clear infections
10) thrush in the mouth and other site within 6 months

Question 17

low C4 normal C3 and normal c1eq inhibitor

Answer 17

type 2 HAE and nonfunction c1eq inhibitor

Question 18

low C4, normal C3 and low c1eq inhibitor

Answer 18

type 1 HAE

Question 19

what do basophils have in similar to mast cells

Answer 19

They release histamine and a IgE affinity receptors

Question 20

What is a BAT test

Answer 20

This is basophil activation test- in vitro immunoassay that records basophil response to allergen through ?

Question 21

Limitations of BAT

Question 22

What is the ISAC and what can it detect

Question 23

Which ethnicity is SLE more common in

Answer 23

africans, carribean and asians

Question 24

What are the 5 antibodies found in SLE

Question 25

thrombocytoenia, livedo reticularis and recurrent miscarriges

Answer 25

antiphospholipid syndrome

Question 26

gold standard for allergy testing

Question 27

when you do a blood culture in suspected pneumonia

Answer 27

if they have a fever

Question 28

initial treatment for HAP

Question 29

which of the following are genetic:
atopy, allergy, clinical allergy

Answer 29

a genetic tendency to produce antibodies to the environment, allergy: type i IgE mediated hypersenstivity reaction. clinical allergy: effects such as sneezing

Question 30

what is associated with acrocyanosis

Answer 30

cold AIHA

Question 31

what is intra and extravascular cold or warm AIHA

Answer 31

cold intravascular and warm is extravascular

Question 32

donath-landsteiner antibody

Answer 32

cold paroxysmal haemoglobinuria

Question 33

treatment for antiphospholipid syndrome

Answer 33

daily dose of aspirin

Question 34

difference between ITP and TTP

Answer 34

ITP has petechiae without a fever and TTP also has AKI and confusion