Resources in the UK 🥒(food)💧(water)⚡️(energy) Flashcards

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1
Q

🥒 There is a greater demand for which products in the UK?

A
  • high-value products
  • seasonal products
  • organic produce
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2
Q

🥒 Why is there an increasing demand for high-value products?

A

People’s incomes have increased, so exotic fruits, veggies and spices and coffee have become popular
Grown in LICs then exported to UK

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3
Q

🥒 Why is there an increasing demand for seasonal products?

A

Seasonal fruit is only available during growing months
Imported to meet demands for seasonal produce all year round

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4
Q

🥒 Why is there an increasing demand for organic produce?

A

People are more concerned about the environment impact of food production and how chemicals affect health
Organic food production is regulated, demand is growing
Most of UK’s organic food is imported

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5
Q

🥒 What is the Carbon Footprint like the in UK (in terms of food production)?

A
  • 10% of uk’s total greenhouse gas emissions are from agricultural (2017)
  • transporting food creates CO2 (food miles)
  • imported foods travel a long way so add to the carbon footprint and therefore global warming
  • people are becoming aware of environmental impacts of transportation meaning people buy local food produce instead
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6
Q

🥒 Since the 1960s there has been growth in …?

A

Agribusiness

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7
Q

🥒 What is agribusiness?

A

Large-scale, industrial farming where all processes are controlled by large firms

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8
Q

🥒 How has agribusiness changed farms?

A
  • farm sizes have increased (small farms taken over and field sizes increased)
  • amount of chemicals used in food production has increased (artificial and pesticides)
  • number of workers employed in agriculture fell to 1.1% of UK’s whole population (2017) due to more machinery being used
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9
Q

💧 which parts of the UK have high rainfall?

A

North and west
Water SURPLUS

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10
Q

💧 which parts of the UK have low rainfall?

A

South east and midlands
High population densities - high demand for water
WATER DEFICIT

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11
Q

💧Define: water stress

A

Demand for water exceeds the available amount

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12
Q

💧Define: water surplus

A

Greater supply than demand (for water)

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13
Q

💧Define: water deficit

A

There’s a great demand than supply (for water)

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14
Q

💧 Why does water pollution need to be managed?

A

Polluted / low quality water reduces the amount available for use
Pressure on available resources

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15
Q

How does water get polluted?

A
  • nitrates and phosphates from crop fertilisers are washed into rivers (algae grows, bad for fish)
  • pollutants from vehicles are washed into water resources through runoff when it rains
  • chemical and oil spills pollute local water sources and groundwater
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16
Q

💧Why is it bad when groundwater is polluted?

A
  • 80% of water in parts of S. England come from groundwater
  • pollution affects quality of 50% of it used for supply in UK
  • many sites have closed or need expensive treatment
17
Q

💧How is water pollution managed?

A
  • legislation: strict laws ensure limited chemicals enter rivers
  • education campaigns: inform public on damage caused
  • waste water treatments: remove sediment to produce clean water
  • pollution traps: filter ‘catches’ pollutants
  • green roof and walls: filter pollutants out naturally, reduce flood risk
18
Q

💧What is a solution to the water supply and demand problem?

A

Transfer water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit e.g. Birmingham is supplied from Wales

19
Q

💧Issues with water transfer schemes?

A
  • dams and aqueducts are expensive to build (Birmingham = £300mil!)
  • affect wildlife that lives in rivers (fish migration disrupted)
  • political issues (people not wanting to share water)
20
Q

⚡️Define: energy security

A

Ability of a nation to secure sufficient, affordable and consistent energy supplies for its requirements

21
Q

⚡️Define: energy conservation

A

Reducing energy consumption through using less energy and becoming more efficient

22
Q

⚡️Define: carbon footprint

A

Measures of the impact our activities have on the environment

23
Q

⚡️Define: energy mix

A

Range of energy sources of a region- renewable or non-renewable

24
Q

⚡️How has the UK’s energy mix changed?

A
  • traditionally, the UK relied on fossil fuels (FF); In 1970, 91% of our energy came from coal and gas!
  • discovery of gas reserves under the North Sea meant that in 1980, 22% of energy came from gas
  • recently, there’s been a shift from using FFs to renewable sources (sun,wind,etc)
  • all coal powered stations are due to close by 2025 and in 2014, 19% of all electricity came from renewable sources
  • wind and bio energy (burning of biological matter) are biggest sources of renewable energy in UK (solar and hydroelectric also increased)
25
Q

⚡️How has the UK’s supply of oil, coal and gas changed?

A
  • running out
  • North Sea oil and gas reserves are being used up (declining since 2000)
  • coal reserves are being used less (last deep coal mine shut in 2015)
26
Q

⚡️What economic issues does exploiting energy sources cause?

A
  • expensive (reserves are also being used up in the process)
  • North Sea oil is particularly expensive to produce
  • cost to the consumer of electricity from nuclear and renewable is quite high
  • money is needed for research into alternative energy sources (Hinkley Point station - £20.3bil!)
  • domestic sources don’t meet demand, UK has to pay to import most energy
27
Q

⚡️What environmental issues does exploiting energy sources cause?

A
  • burning of fossil fuels releases CO2 and other greenhouse gases
  • fracking may pollute groundwater and cause mini-earthquakes (halted in the UK)
  • accidents (oil spills, nuclear disasters) leak toxic chemicals into water sources
  • natural ecosystems damaged by renewable energy generators (large wind farms)
  • some are considered eyesores