Change in UK cities - Birmingham ๐ด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ (+ Barnt Green) Flashcards
Describe the location of Birmingham
central England
West Midlands
North West of London (2 hrs drive)
Importance of Birmingham in the wider world:
- industry always been important
- steam engine invented there
- alternative business hub to London
- HSBC - ยฃ200mil investment to new headquarters
- airport has 100,000+ flights yearly to 150 places
Importance of Birmingham to the UK:
architecture and buildings
shopping
transport
tourism
How is Birmingham important to the UK in terms of architecture and buildings?
- modern buildings
- self-ridges building
- library
- buildings nominated for awards
How is Birmingham important to the UK in terms of shopping?
- Grand Central new shopping centre
- 34 million visitors each year
- creates thousands of new jobs
How is Birmingham important to the UK in terms of transport?
- new trams and train station
- 300,000 passengers daily
How is Birmingham important to the UK in terms of tourism?
- fastest growing tourist destination in UK
- 37.2mil visitors each year
- new shops draw people
- repurposed buildings into destination
Population of Birmingham?
1,141,816
(1.14 million)
Birmingham has a lot of ethnic diversity. What is ethnic diversity?
a variety of different ethnic groups
Positive effects of ethnic distribution:
- provides services for different religions
- support for language/religion
- tackles racial/cultural conflict
What are the social opportunities in Birmingham?
- diversity allows people to experience different religions and food (Balti Triangle)
- St Paulโs Square is famous for music
- lots of museums and theatres (Birmingham Symphony Orchestra)
- 5 universities and over 50,000 students
What are the economic opportunities in Birmingham?
- Bullring centre includes 140 shops which generates employment and income for local economy
- Brindley Place is at the centre of development (bars, retail, offices) generates a large income
What are the environmental opportunities in Birmingham?
- canals have been cleaned up
- one of the greenest cities (500 parks)
- park and ride scheme, encouraging less traffic and pollution
What is an integrated transport system?
All of the different forms of transport link to one another
What has Birmingham done to create an integrated transport system?
Trams, Trains, Pedestrianisation and eliminated the ring road
What is the Midland Metro?
opened in 1999, made use of existing tram routes and links Birmingham city centre to outlying areas such as Wednesbury and Wolverhampton
2011/12- 5 million journeys
CO2 emissions are lower
How was New Street Station redeveloped?
ยฃ600mil redevelopment
will be able to deal with 300,000 passengers daily
reduce traffic and need for parking
What is pedestrianisation?
areas of central Birmingham are cut off from cars and vehicles to ensure the safety of pedestrians
What is urban greening?
to increase the amount and proportion of green spaces within Birmingham
What are the benefits of urban greening?
- studies show it improves mental health by being surrounded by plants
- trees clean the air and reduce impacts of global warming
- provide habitats for wildlife
- vegetated areas reduce flood risk by offering permeable surfaces
- green spaces can be used for recreation and physical activity
What are the strategies if urban greening?
- โgreen wallsโ created and planted on metal sheets which surround steel structures
- demolish unused buildings and convert the brownfield site into a new open space or park
- create green roofs
- link existing green spaces to new ones
- maintain existing green spaces and introduce micro ecosystems to more cities
Challenges in Birmingham
- urban deprivation
- housing inequality
- education
- healthcare
- employment issues
What is urban decline?
Birmingham used to have a large manufacturing industry
due to competition from abroad, most of the cityโs industry is now gone
this has led to urban decline as manufacturing buildings were left empty and become derelict
What is urban deprivation?
lack of basic materials needed for a decent quality of life, e.g. housing