resource management Flashcards
1
Q
resource definition
A
any physical material that people need and value
2
Q
resource management definiton
A
control and monitoring of resources so that they do not become depleted or exhausted
3
Q
why is global demand for energy increasing
A
- as countries develop they need more energy
-> industrial revolution - population growth
4
Q
what does global inequality refer to
A
differences between people across countries
5
Q
resource supply definition
A
providing vital items from sources of natural resources to satisfy human needs and wants such as food, energy and water
6
Q
resource consumption definition
A
the use of natural resources such as food, energy and water
7
Q
what are the benefits of importing food from abroad
A
- can get food out of season
- variety
8
Q
what are the issues of importing food from abroad
A
- food miles
- bad for environment -> gives off CO2
9
Q
how much vegetables and cut flowers does Kenya prepare each night to be sold to UK
A
350 tonnes
10
Q
why is food produced in countries like Kenya generally
A
cost of production is cheaper
11
Q
what % of Kenyan population works in agriculture
A
more than75%
12
Q
what % of fruit do we import
A
89%
13
Q
positives of organic food
A
- fresher
- free from chemicals and pesticides
- free from genetically modified organisms
- seasonal
- healthier and more nutrient dense
- more sustainable
- supports local farmers directly
- preserves environment
14
Q
negatives of organic food
A
- can be more expensive
- synthetic chemicals
- shorter shelf life
- limited choice of products
15
Q
local food definition
A
product is produced within 30 miles of where sold
16
Q
positives of local produce
A
- reconnects communities with farmers/encourages varied + seasonal diet from food
- creates jobs and supports local run economies
- reduces traffic congestion + pollution from food miles
17
Q
negatives of local produce
A
- long distance produce at risk of being lost
- rural economies could be damaged
- amount farmers paid for produce is continually squeezed
18
Q
what is agribusiness
A
operating large scale farming with high input of chemicals, machinery and other investments such as irrigation
19
Q
what does investing in agribusiness mean
A
- greater ranges and numbers of products are able to be grown in UK
- extending growing season
-> reduce need for transporting crops
20
Q
water supply definition
A
provision of water by individuals, communities, public bodies or companies
21
Q
water consumption/demand definition
A
quantity of water required to meet peoples needs
22
Q
water deficit definition
A
water demand is greater than supply
23
Q
water stress definition
A
demand exceeds supply
24
Q
water surplus definition
A
water supply is greater than demand
25
ways to increase water supply:
- save water
- water transfers
- building reservoirs
26
save water:
- encouraging people to buy more efficient domestic products that use less water
- recycling water from homes and using it to irrigate food and other plants
- cheap and easy to do
- people might not follow advice which means water is not saved
27
water transfer:
- building a water grid that supplies water from one place to another
- allows places with surplus of water to move it to areas with water deficit
- expensive and can affect wildlife
- uses a lot of energy to transfer the water which can cause more pollution/ greenhouse gases
28
building reservoirs:
- reservoirs can be built to store water for times with less rainfall
- built in deficit areas to reduce cost of transferring water
- can create habitats and bring money to areas through tourism
- can cause areas to be flooded meaning people have to move home
29
sources of water pollution to UK freshwater:
- sewage work
- rubbish dumped
- pipe from factory
- untreated waste
- chemicals and pesticides
- oil from boats
- waste energy oil
- hot water for cooling processes
30
issues caused by poor water quality:
- toxic waste can poison water -> sometimes toxic waste can be transferred to humans if they eat fish
- increased water transfer can lead to the death of wildlife and disrupt habitats
- increased fertilisers can increase nutrients in water, speeding up growth of algae -> may not be enough O2 so wildlife will die -> algae can also block out sunlight to other plants
- pollution can kill important parts of the ecosystem
- micro bacteria can cause spread of infectious diseases in aquatic life
- farmers, whose livelihood depend on clean water, will suffer
31
how can we manage water quality in UK
- pollution traps
- green roofs and walls
- waste water treatment
- education campaigns
- local water treatment
- legislation
32
what are pollution traps
- when new roads or motorways are built near rivers
- pollution traps are placed nearby to filler out any pollution
33
what are green roofs and walls
- new buildings often have the in cities
- filter out pollutants naturally in rainwater
- reduce risk of flooding by reducing runoff
- help combat climate change as they absorb CO2
34
what is waste water treatment
- better sewers and water mains can prevent spills and accidents
- can lead to higher water and sewage bills to pay for investment
35
what are education campaigns
- inform public about damage caused by putting inappropriate items into sewage systems
- advise how to dispose correctly
36
what is local water treatment
- local water treatment plants remove suspended solids such as silt and soil, bacteria, algae, chemicals and minerals to produce clean water of human consumption
37
what is legislation
- ensure factories and farms are limited in amount an type of discharge they put in rivers
38
energy mix definition
range of energy sources of a region or country, both renewable and non-renewable
39
renewable definition
a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms
40
why has the rate of growth in UK's energy consumption slowed over time
- using less energy because there are improvements in heating and het conservation
- heavy industries have shut down, gone abroad or become energy efficient
41
domestic definition
energy generated within the borders of your own country, which decreases the need for importing energy
42
why are UK oil and gas production decreasing
- UK reserves are in decline and are non-renewable
- expensive and difficult to get to them
43
economic challenges of fossil fuels
- much of the remaining coal is hard to access, often underground which is expensive
- UK's last coal mine shut in 2015 so coal has to be imported from countries lime South Africa
44
environmental challenges of fossil fuels
- burning off fossil fuels creates greenhouse gasses, which contribute to climate change
- waste heaps from coal mining create visual pollution
- access roads and support industries can destroy wildlife and impact land visually
45
opportunities of fossil fuels
- creates jobs in support industries and in the manufacturing of equipment
46
economic challenges of nuclear energy
- expensive to build nuclear power stations
- expensive to store and transport nuclear waste
47
environmental challenges of nuclear energy
- waste from power stations must be stored for many years to avoid contamination
- environment can be more dangerous if an accident occurs - leads to release of radiation into atmosphere
48
opportunities of nuclear energy
- creates jobs in research and development
- after initial investment, energy generated is cheaper
- nuclear power is considered cleaner and less polluting than fossil fuels
49
economic challenges of renewable energy
- high set up costs
- impact on visual environment can impact tourism and reduce income and jobs
- low profit
50
environmental challenges of renewable energy
- wind turbines affect bird migration patterns
- wind turbines are ugly
- turbines are noisy and can disturb people and wildlife living nearby
51
opportunities of renewable energy
- lots of jobs created in the manufacturing of solar panels
- produce much lower carbon emissions
52
what is fracking
pumping a mixture of sand and chemical laden water into shale rocks at high pressure
-> this shatters rocks to release shale gas
53
disadvantages of fracking
- unknown long term environmental impacts
- could be small earthquakes in fracking areas
54
opportunities of fracking
- drastically reduced energy costs
- reduces US reliance on imported gas and oil
