Lagos Flashcards
1
Q
how much solid waste does Lagos generate a day
A
6000 tonnes per day
2
Q
what is the rate of population growth in Lagos
A
600,000 per year
3
Q
estimated gross domestic product in Lagos
A
£28 billion
4
Q
what is the average earning per inhabitant in Lagos
A
$1036 (£670)
5
Q
Lagos metropolitan area
A
300 square km
6
Q
proportion of households in Lagos that have reported the murder of a family member
A
1%
7
Q
estimated Lagos population
A
17 million
8
Q
average population density in Lagos
A
20,000 per square km
9
Q
maximum temp recorded in may in Lagos
A
40 degrees
10
Q
where do most residents in Lagos live
A
Lagos mainland
11
Q
where is the main commercial and administrative area in Lagos?
A
Lagos island
12
Q
where is the central business district of Lagos located?
A
Lagos island
13
Q
where in Lagos is Nigeria’s main sea port and what does this mean?
A
Apapa - means there is very high security
14
Q
Victoria Island (Lagos):
A
- many shopping centres, restaurants and offices
- commercial and residential area
15
Q
where is the most affluent area in Lagos
A
Ikoyi (Lagos)
16
Q
Lagos lagoon:
A
- surface area is 6354.7km squared
- pollution is a major problem as a large amount of wastewater is released into the lagoon daily
17
Q
what is the floating slum neighbourhood in Lagos called?
A
Makoko
18
Q
Lagos’ importance in Africa:
A
- Lagos is among the largest economies in Africa
- Lagos airport is the main arrival point for 80% flights into West Africa
19
Q
Lagos’ importance in Nigeria:
A
- home to 10% of the Nigerian population
- accounts for over 60% of industrial and commercial activities in the nation
- Lagos contributes to about 30% of Nigerias GDP
- highest amount of money earned out of all states in Africa
- most Nigerian manufacturing industry is located in Lagos
20
Q
Lagos’ global importance:
A
- has emerged as a major hub for the headquarters of national and global businesses
- new service industries are choosing to locate in Lagos (Eko Atlantic)
- 7th fastest growing city in the world
- international airport with flights to hundreds of destinations around the world
21
Q
push factors from rural parts of Nigeria
A
- lack of rural jobs
- poor soil quality
- access to infrastructure
- civil war
22
Q
why is lack of rural jobs a push factor?
A
- no job opportunities
-> no chances to make money
-> difficult to support family
-> forced to move
23
Q
why is poor soil quality a push factor?
A
- people can’t grow food to make money/support their family
-> makes it different to support/feed their family
24
Q
why is access to infrastructure a push factor?
A
- little electricity, education, road systems, sewage systems, good quality housing and healthcare
-> it is thought that you will get this in the city
25
why is civil war a push factor?
- people have no job opportunities as there is war and conflict between the oil rich south and rural north of country
- people are forced from their land as there is democratic unrest between political parties and also between the christian and muslim populations
26
Lagos pull factors
- more education
- better healthcare
- less dependant on agriculture
- more job opportunities
- more space to live
- available land for building
- politically stable
27
why is more education a pull factor?
- better education
-> better jobs
-> more money earn
28
natural increase:
- migrants may be younger, of child bearing age
- better access to healthcare may lead to more people living longer
- birth rate - death rate
better healthcare may mean higher child survival rate
29
possible issues caused by rapid population growth:
- lack of food, water and resources
- congestion
- poor air quality due to lack of regulation
- increase crime due to lack of jobs
30
possible benefits of rapid population growth:
- more people to work
- more education
- more taxes increases governments revenue = more spent on infrastructure = multiplier effect
31
opportunities for people in Lagos:
- education in university and school
- can get into industries like finance, film, fashion and business
32
issues faced by people in Lagos:
their homes being destroyed so skyscrapers can be built
33
how many universities are in Lagos?
10
34
what is the Nigerian film industry, located in Lagos
Nollywood
35
how many people is the Lagos Blue Rail line expected to transport per day?
250,000
36
how do poorer people in Lagos get drinking water?
- boreholes
- street vendors
- public taps
37
what is the informal economy/sector
untaxed work
38
informal economy in Lagos:
- no minimum wage
- no taxes to pay
- no holiday rights
- often dangerous or hazardous working conditions
- jobs include rag picking, breaking up and recycling old electronic products, recycling waste, making pottery, selling items of street etc.
39
why is better healthcare in Lagos a limited opportunity?
not everyone can afford medical bills as medicine is not free
40
why is the new rail line in Lagos a limited opportunity?
overpopulation means it will still be congested + busy
41
why is better education in Lagos a limited opportunity?
most poor people can't afford to send their kids to tertiary education
42
why is electricity in Lagos a limited opportunity?
electricity is in short supply and can cut out easily
43
why is drinking water in Lagos a limited opportunity?
- unreliable as only wealthy people can afford a piped water supply
- poorer people have to use public taps or boreholes or buy water from street vendors
- the is no way to prove water from street vendors is actually safe to drink
44
why are more job opportunities in Lagos a limited opportunity?
have to be educated and been through tertiary education -> doesn't help poorer people
45
why are informal economy jobs in Lagos a limited opportunity?
- often dangerous or hazardous work places
- pay no tax, so government get no money from tax
- no holiday rights
46
an environmental challenge in Lagos
pollution
47
why is pollution a challenge in Lagos
- lack of regulation of emissions by the gov
-> leading to air pollution
- lack of infrastructure to ensure sewage is treated means it ends up polluting the rivers
48
a social challenge in Lagos
disease
49
why is disease a challenge in Lagos
- due to lack of sanitation, untreated sewage ends up polluting the water supply
-> leads to spread of disease like cholera
- people living in cramped conditions means disease spreads easily
50
what is a squatter settlement
an illegal settlement built on the edge of cities (or on undesirable land), built with scrap materials
51
Makoko characteristics
- lack of clean water access
- poor sanitation
- poor health
- lack of education
- unemployment
- prospect of crime
52
challenges facing Makoko
- poor sanitation
- sea level change + flooding
- lack of clean water access
- lack of legal rights
- poor health
- unemployment/poor quality work
- dirty lagoon
- gov can push people from homes
- high crime rates
- high pregnancy mortality
- life expectancy is 40
- illegal settlement
53
opportunities in Makoko
- floating schools - better education
- economic development - industrial areas have access to port. food, pharmaceuticals and vehicles dominate manufacturing
- home building industry, boat building industry
-healthcare centres
- people who want to take photos have to pay
- smoking fish for money
- a community
54
pollution definition
the presence of chemicals, noise, dirt or other substance which have harmful or poisonous effects on an environment
55
sanitation definition
measures designed to protect public health, including the provision of clean water and the disposal of sewage and waste
56
why is safe water supply an issue in Lagos?
- due to rapid urbanisation there is a lack of water infrastructure
- the speed of growth has made it hard for the gov to implement adequate infrastructure
- what water exists is polluted
57
what does unsafe water supply lead to in Lagos?
- impact on quality of life
- therefore can impact peoples ability to work which hinders development
58
healthcare in Lagos:
- available but not always free
- vaccines are available for children but need to be paid for
- investment in healthcare is not keeping up with population growth
- wealthier people seek medical help abroad
59
education in Lagos:
- free for younger children, but many children in poorer families have to work to provide money for family so don't have time for school
- secondary schools limited and mainly private
- not enough unis
60
unemployment in Lagos:
- relatively low - just below 10%
- earn money legally and paying taxes or in informal sector
- people can have loans to become self employed
61
crime in Lagos:
- high crime rates
- drugs, vandalism and theft
- kidnapping is a threat, particularly for foreigners
62
environmental impacts or rapid urbanisation:
- air pollution
- water pollution
- damage to ecosystems and biodiversity
63
why is traffic congestion an issue and what does it lead to?
- leads to people being late to work so businesses lose money, meaning the economy worsens
- means people can't spend as much time with family
- emergency services can't get across city for emergency response
64
how long does the average Lagos resident spend in traffic?
3 hours a day
65
what % of Nigerias cars are registered in Lagos
40%
66
two main dangers associated with congestions
traffic incidents, respiratory diseases
67
environmental challenges in Lagos:
- air pollution
- traffic congestion
- waste
- water pollution
68
air pollution in Lagos:
- Lagos has dangerously high levels of Nitrous oxides, volatile organic compounds and small dust particles
-> hazardous to human health and can cause asthma
- due to increasing number of cars, industry and construction dust
69
traffic congestion in Lagos:
- more people own cars in Lagos
- contribute to both noise and air pollution
- people sit in traffic for hours per day
70
waste in Lagos:
- waste poses a hazard to human health
- Lagos produces 13 million kg of waste per day
71
water pollution in Lagos:
- major problem
- uncontrolled disposal of raw sewage, sediments carrying runoff and effluents into the lagoon has created serious health problems like cholera and diarrhoea
- access to clean water is low
- majority of residents rely on wells, boreholes, rivers and rainwater
72
why is traffic in Lagos so difficult to manage?
- constantly rising population due to migration and natural increase
- more people own cars in Lagos
73
why is water in Lagos so difficult to manage?
uncontrolled disposal of raw sewage, sediments carrying runoff and effluents into the lagoon can cause serious health issues
74
why is crime in Lagos so difficult to manage?
- jobless people living in slums become frustrated and turn to Crome
- very high crime rates
75
why is energy in Lagos so difficult to manage
most industries rely on back up generators
76
Lekki Free Trade zone:
- encourages TNCs to base their offices there
-> this creates new jobs for skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers (10,000)
-> this means people in the local community have more money to spend on services and education/healthcare
-> this increases the skilled workforce and increases demand for new services which results in more jobs created
77
how many jobs were created for workers by Lekki Free Trade Zone
10,000
78
urban planning ideas for Lagos:
- rent-to-own strategy
- Makoko floating school
- Eko Atlantic
79
what is the rent-to-own strategy in Lagos
people who want to own a home pay 5% of its value, then move in, paying the rest as rent
80
why is Lagos rent-to-own strategy good?
provides the urban poor with access to affordable, good-quality housing
81
who is the Lagos rent-to-own strategy for
urban poor - those who live in scatter settlements
82
advantages of the Lagos rent-to-own strategy
- affordable
-> improve quality of life
- reduces health issues
83
disadvantages of the Lagos rent-to-own strategy
- expensive
- a long process
84
how many housing units were initially available in the Lagos rent-to-own strategy
5008
-> plans to provide 20,000 more in next 5 years
85
advantages of Makoko floating school:
- unskilled workers hired to build it
-> could then go build own homes with techniques learned while building school
- generate a new, sustainable and ecological building system which can be copied down the coast
- serves as a model for how to build communities on water
- Makoko residents derived a sense of ownership from it
86
benefits of Makoko floating school to local community:
- unskilled workers hired to build it
-> could get experience and go out and build own homes
- public space
-> has become a vital meeting place for the community where, when classes were out, market ladies park their boats and fishermen steal some shade to mend their nets
87
benefits of Makoko floating school to gov:
- serves as a model of how to build communities on water
- generate a new, sustainable and ecological building system which could be copied along the coast
88
how is Makoko floating school environmentally sustainable
- uses renewable energy from sun through PV cells
- building materials haven't been shipped in
- can harvest rainwater
- ventilated so no need for zircon
89
how many people will Eko Atlantic be home to
quarter of a million
90
how many people will be employed in Eko Atlantic
150,000
91
advantages of Eko Atlantic
- direct investment into Lagos
- increased employment
- good publicity for Lagos -> could attract more multi-national companies
- stimulate multiplayer effect
- new habitable space in an overcrowded city
92
disadvantages of Eko Atlantic
- may cause water pollution and disturbances to marine life through spillages and sand dredging
- communities affected were not consulted
- jobs created may not be permanent and will probs not go to very poorest of Lagos
- no opportunities for renewable energy
