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geography > Lagos > Flashcards

Lagos Flashcards

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1
Q

how much solid waste does Lagos generate a day

A

6000 tonnes per day

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2
Q

what is the rate of population growth in Lagos

A

600,000 per year

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3
Q

estimated gross domestic product in Lagos

A

£28 billion

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4
Q

what is the average earning per inhabitant in Lagos

A

$1036 (£670)

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5
Q

Lagos metropolitan area

A

300 square km

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6
Q

proportion of households in Lagos that have reported the murder of a family member

A

1%

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7
Q

estimated Lagos population

A

17 million

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8
Q

average population density in Lagos

A

20,000 per square km

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9
Q

maximum temp recorded in may in Lagos

A

40 degrees

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10
Q

where do most residents in Lagos live

A

Lagos mainland

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11
Q

where is the main commercial and administrative area in Lagos?

A

Lagos island

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12
Q

where is the central business district of Lagos located?

A

Lagos island

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13
Q

where in Lagos is Nigeria’s main sea port and what does this mean?

A

Apapa - means there is very high security

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14
Q

Victoria Island (Lagos):

A
  • many shopping centres, restaurants and offices
  • commercial and residential area
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15
Q

where is the most affluent area in Lagos

A

Ikoyi (Lagos)

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16
Q

Lagos lagoon:

A
  • surface area is 6354.7km squared
  • pollution is a major problem as a large amount of wastewater is released into the lagoon daily
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17
Q

what is the floating slum neighbourhood in Lagos called?

A

Makoko

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18
Q

Lagos’ importance in Africa:

A
  • Lagos is among the largest economies in Africa
  • Lagos airport is the main arrival point for 80% flights into West Africa
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19
Q

Lagos’ importance in Nigeria:

A
  • home to 10% of the Nigerian population
  • accounts for over 60% of industrial and commercial activities in the nation
  • Lagos contributes to about 30% of Nigerias GDP
  • highest amount of money earned out of all states in Africa
  • most Nigerian manufacturing industry is located in Lagos
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20
Q

Lagos’ global importance:

A
  • has emerged as a major hub for the headquarters of national and global businesses
  • new service industries are choosing to locate in Lagos (Eko Atlantic)
  • 7th fastest growing city in the world
  • international airport with flights to hundreds of destinations around the world
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21
Q

push factors from rural parts of Nigeria

A
  • lack of rural jobs
  • poor soil quality
  • access to infrastructure
  • civil war
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22
Q

why is lack of rural jobs a push factor?

A
  • no job opportunities
    -> no chances to make money
    -> difficult to support family
    -> forced to move
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23
Q

why is poor soil quality a push factor?

A
  • people can’t grow food to make money/support their family
    -> makes it different to support/feed their family
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24
Q

why is access to infrastructure a push factor?

A
  • little electricity, education, road systems, sewage systems, good quality housing and healthcare
    -> it is thought that you will get this in the city
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25
Q

why is civil war a push factor?

A
  • people have no job opportunities as there is war and conflict between the oil rich south and rural north of country
  • people are forced from their land as there is democratic unrest between political parties and also between the christian and muslim populations
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26
Q

Lagos pull factors

A
  • more education
  • better healthcare
  • less dependant on agriculture
  • more job opportunities
  • more space to live
  • available land for building
  • politically stable
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27
Q

why is more education a pull factor?

A
  • better education
    -> better jobs
    -> more money earn
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28
Q

natural increase:

A
  • migrants may be younger, of child bearing age
  • better access to healthcare may lead to more people living longer
  • birth rate - death rate
    better healthcare may mean higher child survival rate
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29
Q

possible issues caused by rapid population growth:

A
  • lack of food, water and resources
  • congestion
  • poor air quality due to lack of regulation
  • increase crime due to lack of jobs
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30
Q

possible benefits of rapid population growth:

A
  • more people to work
  • more education
  • more taxes increases governments revenue = more spent on infrastructure = multiplier effect
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31
Q

opportunities for people in Lagos:

A
  • education in university and school
  • can get into industries like finance, film, fashion and business
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32
Q

issues faced by people in Lagos:

A

their homes being destroyed so skyscrapers can be built

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33
Q

how many universities are in Lagos?

A

10

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34
Q

what is the Nigerian film industry, located in Lagos

A

Nollywood

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35
Q

how many people is the Lagos Blue Rail line expected to transport per day?

A

250,000

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36
Q

how do poorer people in Lagos get drinking water?

A
  • boreholes
  • street vendors
  • public taps
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37
Q

what is the informal economy/sector

A

untaxed work

38
Q

informal economy in Lagos:

A
  • no minimum wage
  • no taxes to pay
  • no holiday rights
  • often dangerous or hazardous working conditions
  • jobs include rag picking, breaking up and recycling old electronic products, recycling waste, making pottery, selling items of street etc.
39
Q

why is better healthcare in Lagos a limited opportunity?

A

not everyone can afford medical bills as medicine is not free

40
Q

why is the new rail line in Lagos a limited opportunity?

A

overpopulation means it will still be congested + busy

41
Q

why is better education in Lagos a limited opportunity?

A

most poor people can’t afford to send their kids to tertiary education

42
Q

why is electricity in Lagos a limited opportunity?

A

electricity is in short supply and can cut out easily

43
Q

why is drinking water in Lagos a limited opportunity?

A
  • unreliable as only wealthy people can afford a piped water supply
  • poorer people have to use public taps or boreholes or buy water from street vendors
  • the is no way to prove water from street vendors is actually safe to drink
44
Q

why are more job opportunities in Lagos a limited opportunity?

A

have to be educated and been through tertiary education -> doesn’t help poorer people

45
Q

why are informal economy jobs in Lagos a limited opportunity?

A
  • often dangerous or hazardous work places
  • pay no tax, so government get no money from tax
  • no holiday rights
46
Q

an environmental challenge in Lagos

A

pollution

47
Q

why is pollution a challenge in Lagos

A
  • lack of regulation of emissions by the gov
    -> leading to air pollution
  • lack of infrastructure to ensure sewage is treated means it ends up polluting the rivers
48
Q

a social challenge in Lagos

A

disease

49
Q

why is disease a challenge in Lagos

A
  • due to lack of sanitation, untreated sewage ends up polluting the water supply
    -> leads to spread of disease like cholera
  • people living in cramped conditions means disease spreads easily
50
Q

what is a squatter settlement

A

an illegal settlement built on the edge of cities (or on undesirable land), built with scrap materials

51
Q

Makoko characteristics

A
  • lack of clean water access
  • poor sanitation
  • poor health
  • lack of education
  • unemployment
  • prospect of crime
52
Q

challenges facing Makoko

A
  • poor sanitation
  • sea level change + flooding
  • lack of clean water access
  • lack of legal rights
  • poor health
  • unemployment/poor quality work
  • dirty lagoon
  • gov can push people from homes
  • high crime rates
  • high pregnancy mortality
  • life expectancy is 40
  • illegal settlement
53
Q

opportunities in Makoko

A
  • floating schools - better education
  • economic development - industrial areas have access to port. food, pharmaceuticals and vehicles dominate manufacturing
  • home building industry, boat building industry
    -healthcare centres
  • people who want to take photos have to pay
  • smoking fish for money
  • a community
54
Q

pollution definition

A

the presence of chemicals, noise, dirt or other substance which have harmful or poisonous effects on an environment

55
Q

sanitation definition

A

measures designed to protect public health, including the provision of clean water and the disposal of sewage and waste

56
Q

why is safe water supply an issue in Lagos?

A
  • due to rapid urbanisation there is a lack of water infrastructure
  • the speed of growth has made it hard for the gov to implement adequate infrastructure
  • what water exists is polluted
57
Q

what does unsafe water supply lead to in Lagos?

A
  • impact on quality of life
  • therefore can impact peoples ability to work which hinders development
58
Q

healthcare in Lagos:

A
  • available but not always free
  • vaccines are available for children but need to be paid for
  • investment in healthcare is not keeping up with population growth
  • wealthier people seek medical help abroad
59
Q

education in Lagos:

A
  • free for younger children, but many children in poorer families have to work to provide money for family so don’t have time for school
  • secondary schools limited and mainly private
  • not enough unis
60
Q

unemployment in Lagos:

A
  • relatively low - just below 10%
  • earn money legally and paying taxes or in informal sector
  • people can have loans to become self employed
61
Q

crime in Lagos:

A
  • high crime rates
  • drugs, vandalism and theft
  • kidnapping is a threat, particularly for foreigners
62
Q

environmental impacts or rapid urbanisation:

A
  • air pollution
  • water pollution
  • damage to ecosystems and biodiversity
63
Q

why is traffic congestion an issue and what does it lead to?

A
  • leads to people being late to work so businesses lose money, meaning the economy worsens
  • means people can’t spend as much time with family
  • emergency services can’t get across city for emergency response
64
Q

how long does the average Lagos resident spend in traffic?

A

3 hours a day

65
Q

what % of Nigerias cars are registered in Lagos

A

40%

66
Q

two main dangers associated with congestions

A

traffic incidents, respiratory diseases

67
Q

environmental challenges in Lagos:

A
  • air pollution
  • traffic congestion
  • waste
  • water pollution
68
Q

air pollution in Lagos:

A
  • Lagos has dangerously high levels of Nitrous oxides, volatile organic compounds and small dust particles
    -> hazardous to human health and can cause asthma
  • due to increasing number of cars, industry and construction dust
69
Q

traffic congestion in Lagos:

A
  • more people own cars in Lagos
  • contribute to both noise and air pollution
  • people sit in traffic for hours per day
70
Q

waste in Lagos:

A
  • waste poses a hazard to human health
  • Lagos produces 13 million kg of waste per day
71
Q

water pollution in Lagos:

A
  • major problem
  • uncontrolled disposal of raw sewage, sediments carrying runoff and effluents into the lagoon has created serious health problems like cholera and diarrhoea
  • access to clean water is low
  • majority of residents rely on wells, boreholes, rivers and rainwater
72
Q

why is traffic in Lagos so difficult to manage?

A
  • constantly rising population due to migration and natural increase
  • more people own cars in Lagos
73
Q

why is water in Lagos so difficult to manage?

A

uncontrolled disposal of raw sewage, sediments carrying runoff and effluents into the lagoon can cause serious health issues

74
Q

why is crime in Lagos so difficult to manage?

A
  • jobless people living in slums become frustrated and turn to Crome
  • very high crime rates
75
Q

why is energy in Lagos so difficult to manage

A

most industries rely on back up generators

76
Q

Lekki Free Trade zone:

A
  • encourages TNCs to base their offices there
    -> this creates new jobs for skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers (10,000)
    -> this means people in the local community have more money to spend on services and education/healthcare
    -> this increases the skilled workforce and increases demand for new services which results in more jobs created
77
Q

how many jobs were created for workers by Lekki Free Trade Zone

A

10,000

78
Q

urban planning ideas for Lagos:

A
  • rent-to-own strategy
  • Makoko floating school
  • Eko Atlantic
79
Q

what is the rent-to-own strategy in Lagos

A

people who want to own a home pay 5% of its value, then move in, paying the rest as rent

80
Q

why is Lagos rent-to-own strategy good?

A

provides the urban poor with access to affordable, good-quality housing

81
Q

who is the Lagos rent-to-own strategy for

A

urban poor - those who live in scatter settlements

82
Q

advantages of the Lagos rent-to-own strategy

A
  • affordable
    -> improve quality of life
  • reduces health issues
83
Q

disadvantages of the Lagos rent-to-own strategy

A
  • expensive
  • a long process
84
Q

how many housing units were initially available in the Lagos rent-to-own strategy

A

5008
-> plans to provide 20,000 more in next 5 years

85
Q

advantages of Makoko floating school:

A
  • unskilled workers hired to build it
    -> could then go build own homes with techniques learned while building school
  • generate a new, sustainable and ecological building system which can be copied down the coast
  • serves as a model for how to build communities on water
  • Makoko residents derived a sense of ownership from it
86
Q

benefits of Makoko floating school to local community:

A
  • unskilled workers hired to build it
    -> could get experience and go out and build own homes
  • public space
    -> has become a vital meeting place for the community where, when classes were out, market ladies park their boats and fishermen steal some shade to mend their nets
87
Q

benefits of Makoko floating school to gov:

A
  • serves as a model of how to build communities on water
  • generate a new, sustainable and ecological building system which could be copied along the coast
88
Q

how is Makoko floating school environmentally sustainable

A
  • uses renewable energy from sun through PV cells
  • building materials haven’t been shipped in
  • can harvest rainwater
  • ventilated so no need for zircon
89
Q

how many people will Eko Atlantic be home to

A

quarter of a million

90
Q

how many people will be employed in Eko Atlantic

A

150,000

91
Q

advantages of Eko Atlantic

A
  • direct investment into Lagos
  • increased employment
  • good publicity for Lagos -> could attract more multi-national companies
  • stimulate multiplayer effect
  • new habitable space in an overcrowded city
92
Q

disadvantages of Eko Atlantic

A
  • may cause water pollution and disturbances to marine life through spillages and sand dredging
  • communities affected were not consulted
  • jobs created may not be permanent and will probs not go to very poorest of Lagos
  • no opportunities for renewable energy

geography (21 decks)

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