Resistance Training Types Flashcards
what is DCER
dynamic exercise against constant external resistance (isotonic)
what is a limitation of DCER
the working muscle is only maximally challenged at one point during the arc of motion
what is the current main form of exercise prescribed
DCER
what is variable resistance
a load applies a variable amount of resistance throughout the exercise
examples of variable resistance
hydraulic or pneumatic machines
elastic bands
isokentic training
velocity of resistance is kept constant throughout the entire joints ROM
pro’s of isokinetic training
- can exercise at a wide range of velocity
- specific velocity for specific tasks
- concentric and/or eccentric
- resistance applied = the force being applied by the extremity, may allow for pt to perform increased # of reps as fatigue sets in
- accommodate exercise to pain, less resistance thru painful arc, but allows reps to occur
cons of isokinetic training
- limited evidence of how this training carries over into function
- isolation of a single muscle and is uniplanar
- does not involve weight bearing
- pt can’t typically carry over programs
open chain
distal segment moves freely
closed chain
proximal segment moves on fixed distal
closed chain
proximal segment moves on fixed distal
open chain exercise decision making
- may be superior in isolating one muscle group
- greater control, good for early rehab
- option for those who have limited WB status
- good for inflammation/pain
- easily replicated
precaution for open chain exercise
OC exercises performed at a high load can have an adverse effect on unstable, injured or recently repaired joints
closed chain decision making
- increased likelihood for substitution due to multiple joints moving
- necessitates the functional challenge of multiple muscles being activated for postural support; may have improve carry over for those who have postural weakness
- joint approximation and axial loading has less shear force, leading to increased stability
- stimulate mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors –> activates both agonist & antagonist –> better stability
- better outcomes for balance
general guidelines for manual resistance
- appropriate body mechanics as therapist
- keep pt’s limb close to you for control
- gradual, graded resistance applied
- verbal commands, coordinate timing of commands appropriately
what are the advantages of manual resistance strengthening?
- effective in early rehab, transition to mechanical resistance
- “fine tuning” resistance
- max potential of muscle to work through ROM
- static or dynamic
- easily adjustment
- direct contact with pt
what are the disadvantages of manual resistance strengthening?
- load applied is subjective
- resistance is limited to strength of therapist
- not safely performed at high speeds
- not good to transition into HEP
- labor & time intensive for therapist
- not good for muscular endurance
equipment for mechanical resistance
- free weights
- pulley systems
- variable resistance units
- elastic bands
- dynamic stabilization equipment
- close chain related equipment
advantages of mechanical resistance
- objective measure, progress easily
- pt’s in intermediate/advanced stages of rehab or when the strength of the therapist isn’t adequate
- builds muscular endurance
- certain pneumatic machines allow for variable resistance/velocities
- carry over to HEP
disadvantages of mechanical resistance
- not good for weak muscles or soft tissues in early stages of healing
- only challenging in one point of ROM
- equipment can be expensive
- machines, elastic bands and free weights are manufacturer specific
what do you need to consider with free weights
consider the levers and joint angles at which the muscle is going to be maximally loaded
simple pulley systems
- impose a relatively fixed load as opposed to variable machines
- provide max resistance to the muscle when the angle of the pulley is at a right angle with the moving bone
what do you need to consider when trying to produce more torque
the levers and joint angles at which the muscle is going to be maximally loaded
advantages of free and pulley weight training
- positions can vary, more muscles accessible
- stabilizing muscles required
- multiple movements
- resistance can gradually increase
- easy carry over to HEP
disadvantages of free and pulley weight training
- bc of requirement of stabilization, proper form and alignment may take longer to achieve
- control movement, risk for joint damage
- functional carry over is low bc need to do movements slow and controlled
- spotter sometimes necessary
elastic resistance
variable resistance through properties of elongation
advantages of bands
- portable
- inexpensive
- easy set up
- safe
- exercise in multiple planes
- no external stabilization, postural challenge
disadvantages of bands
- needs replacing
- material fatigue
- latex allergy
- lack of standardized resistance
what is the appropriate length of a resistance band
long enough so that when the band is secure at both ends there is no tension at the start of the exercise
