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CP 2 > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

antalgic gait

A

compensatory gait adopted to remove or decrease the discomfort caused by pain in the lower leg, pelvis or lumbar spine

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2
Q

characteristics of antalgic gait

A
  • decreased duration of stance phase on affected limb
  • lack weight shift laterally over stance limb to keep weight off involved limb
  • decrease in stance phase in affected side = decrease in swing phase of uninvolved limb = shortened step length on uninvolved side
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3
Q

what causes forward trunk lean

A
  • weak quads
  • hip flexor contracture
  • weak lumbar or hip ext
  • hypomobile joint capsule
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4
Q

what are causes of decreased hip extension

A
  • tight hip flexors
  • decreased joint mobility
  • weak glutes
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5
Q

gluteus maximus gait/backward trunk lean

A
  • rocking horse gait
  • if weak glute max, trunk will shift posteriorly during initial contact to try and offset forward momentum, this requires less muscle strength to maintain the hip ext during stance phase
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6
Q

hip drop/glute medius gait/tredelenberg gait

A
  • hip drop on contralateral side
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7
Q

how would you compensate tredelenberg gait

A
  • trunk lean

- hip hike

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8
Q

causes of genu recurvatum gait

A
  • weak quads
  • weak hamstring
  • increased tone of quads
  • compensation for PF contracture or spasticity
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9
Q

causes of decreased knee ext

A
  • weak quads
  • anterior knee joint hypomobility
  • hamstring contracture or stiffness
  • avoiding heel rocker
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10
Q

what will you see difficulty with decreased knee ext gait

A

going down stairs

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11
Q

impairments/sources of genu valgum

A
  • boney deformity
  • pain
  • excessive foot pronation
  • glute med weakness
  • excessive femoral adduction
  • ipsilateral trunk lean
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12
Q

impairments/sources of genu varum

A
  • degenerative changes
  • pain
  • boney deformity
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13
Q

equinus gait

A

excessive PF

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14
Q

what point of body will land at initial contact during equinus gait

A

toes

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15
Q

cause of equinus gait

A
  • tib ant weakness
  • PF contracture
  • hypo mobility of talocrural
  • compensation for short leg/short stride length
  • painful heel/avoiding heel rocker
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16
Q

what is difficult to do with equinus gait

A

walk and run without tripping

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17
Q

calcaneal gait

A

increased DF

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18
Q

causes of calcaneal gait

A
  • contracture tib anterior
  • weak gastroc
  • hypo mobility talocrural joint
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19
Q

deviations of calcaneal gait

A

walking on heel

20
Q

equinovarus gait

A
  • club foot
  • ankle PF and subtalar inversion
  • walk on outside of foot
21
Q

foot slap gait

A

DF weakness caused by paralysis of common peroneal nerve

22
Q

what does foot slap gait look like

A

not normal heel strike, foot comes in contact with ground as a whole with slapping sound

23
Q

what muscles would you MMT for foot slap

A

tib anterior

24
Q

what muscle are you cautious about becoming tight with foot slap

A

plantar flexors

25
Q

how might someone compensate foot slap gait

A
  • steppage gait
  • circumduction
  • vaulting
26
Q

what causes pes cavus

A
  • hypomobility of subtalar and/or midtarsal joints
  • spastic invertors or intrinsic foot muscles
  • weak evertors
  • genu varum
27
Q

what causes pes planus

A
  • weak foot intrinsic muscles
  • weak posterior tib
  • weak hip abd
  • hypomobility of subtalar and/or midtarsal jt
28
Q

what causes inadequate push off

A
  • weak PF
  • tight/spastic DF
  • hypomobile talocrural jt
  • pain in forefoot (common)
29
Q

causes of excessive anterior pelvic tilit

A
  • lead to lumbar lordosis and low back pain
  • weak hip ext
  • hip flexion contracture
  • abdominal weakness
  • limited hip ext ROM
30
Q

causes of excessive posterior pelvic tilt

A
  • tight hamstrings
  • weak hip flexor
  • low back pain
  • limited lumbar ext ROM
31
Q

anatomical LLD

A

legs are actually different lengths as confirmed with x-ray or tape measure

32
Q

functional LLD

A
  • on x-ray the leg lengths are equal, but for some reason they appear longer could be due to tightness, weakness, compensation, etc.
  • correctable
33
Q

how does someone compensate for LLD with circumduction

A

during swing phase, clears leg by swinging out in circular pattern

34
Q

how does someone compensate for LLD with hip hiking

A

during swing phase, activate lateral trunk to clear the lengthened leg

35
Q

how does someone compensate for LLD with steppage gait

A

during swing phase, exaggerated hip and knee flexion to compensate for excess PF at the ankle

36
Q

how does someone compensate for LLD with vaulting

A

pt will rise up in stance phase to clear contralateral leg for swing phase

37
Q

what is it and what are the causes of waddling gait

A
  • trying to regain balance
  • tight IT band
  • weak hip abd contralateral
  • limited hip or knee flexion, leans to contralateral side to clear foot
38
Q

when do you commonly see waddling gait

A

in pt’s with pain in hip related to arthritis

39
Q

what are clinical correlations for a widened BOS

A
  • results in more lateral movements of the trunk
  • could indicate imbalance or fear of falling
  • observed with decreased proprioception, cerebellar ataxia, etc.
40
Q

what are clinical correlations to a narrow BOS, scissoring gait

A
  • adduction deformity of the hip
  • valgus deformity of the knee
  • increased hip adduction (tone, tightness) during swing causing swing limb to cross over stance limb for contact
41
Q

when is a narrow BOS gait commonly seen

A

pt’s with CP

42
Q

what is the hip doing in hemiplegic gait

A

extension, adduction, medial rotation

43
Q

what is the knee doing in hemiplegic gait

A

extension

44
Q

what is the ankle doing in hemiglegic gait

A

ankle in drop foot with PF and inversion, present during both stance and swing phase

45
Q

hemiplegic gait

A
  • spastic muscle wont allow hip and knee to flex to clear the floor
  • pt often performs circumduction
  • usually with no reciprocal arm swing
  • step length tends to be lengthened on involved side and shortened on uninvolved side
46
Q

sensory ataxic gait

A
  • presence of abnormal and uncoordinated movements
  • walking is uncoordinated and appears to be not ordered
  • cerebellar disorders
47
Q

festinating gait

A
  • parkinsons disease
  • rigid joints causing forward flexion which displaces COG anteriorly
  • shuffle steps to stay within BOS
  • walk faster to avoid losing balance

CP 2 (26 decks)

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