joint mobilizations - grades

Question 1

compression

Answer 1

approximation of joint surfaces; forces perpendicular to joint plane

Question 2

traction/distraction

Answer 2

separation of joint surfaces; force perpendicular to joint plane

Question 3

gliding

Answer 3

force direction parallel to joint surface

Question 4

distraction, grade 1

Answer 4

piccolo (loosen, toe region)

very small amplitude
minimal stress on capsule
reduce compression forces on articular surface
pain reduction
used with gliding mobilizations

Question 5

distraction, grade 2

Answer 5

slack (take up the slack, tightening, elastic region)

slack taken up in capsule and surrounding
can help determine the sensitivity of the joint
used to alleviate pain, assess joint play, and/or reduce muscle guarding

Question 6

distraction, grade 3

Answer 6

stretch (plastic)

designed to stretch joint capsule and soft tissues surrounding the joint to increase mobility
used to assess end feel or increase movement

Question 7

glide, grade 1

Answer 7

small amplitude performed at beginning available ROM - first 25%

Question 8

what is the primary goal of a grade 1 glide

Answer 8

reduce pain and muscle guarding, improve joint lubrication/nutrition

gate control theory, very light

Question 9

glide, grade 2

Answer 9

large amplitude performed in middle available ROM - middle 50%, 25-75%

Question 10

what is the primary goal of a grade 2 glide

Answer 10

reduce pain and muscle guarding, improve joint lubrication/nutrition

mid range, always applying tension

Question 11

what are grades 1 and 2 glides mainly doing?

Answer 11

pain relief and muscle guarding
no direct mechanical effect on restrictions, not stretching joint capsule but stimulating nerves and fluid
influences mechanical nociception

Question 12

when do u use grades 1 and 2 glide

Answer 12

often used before and after grade 3 and 4 mobs

Question 13

what is the theory behind maitland’s grades 1 and 2?

Answer 13

reduces pain by improving joint lubrication and circulation to tissues related to the joint

rhythmic oscillations possibly activate articular and skin mechanoreceptors which play role in pain reduction

Question 14

glide, grade 3

Answer 14

large amplitude at end of available ROM, last 50%, 50-100%

Question 15

what is the primary goal of a grade 3 glide

Answer 15

stretching joint capsule and associated structures, ligaments and muscles attaching in the area

Question 16

glide, grade 4

Answer 16

small amplitude at end of available ROM, last 25%, 75-100%

Question 17

what is the primary goal of a grade 4 glide

Answer 17

stretching joint capsule and associated structures, ligaments and muscles attaching in the area

Question 18

what are grades 3 and 4 glides mainly doing?

Answer 18

primarily stretching techniques
mechanical and neurophysiological effect
may activate inhibitory joint and muscle spindle receptors to aid in reducing restriction of movement

Question 19

glide, grade 5

Answer 19

high velocity thrust of small amplitude at end of available range but within its anatomical range

movement that exceeds the resistance barrier

commonly referred to as high velocity thrust technique or joint manipulation

Question 20

primary goal of a grade 5 glide

Answer 20

decrease pain and muscle guarding