Resilience to Adversity

Question 1

DSM-5 define traumatic events exposure to actual or threatened ________, serious _______ or _______ violence

Answer 1

Exposure to death, real or threatened
serious injury
sexual violence

Question 2

Resilience can be described as an ability to ‘_______ ______’ after adversity and adapt, or as a __________ ___________ of ________ ______ following adversity

Answer 2

bounce back after adversity and adapt
stable trajectory of healthy functioning following adversity

Question 3

What 2 ways can resilience be measured?

Answer 3

resilience questionnaire - like a trait
resilience trajectory - longitudinal assessment

Question 4

Other than resilience, what is one positive, and 4 negative reactions to adversity?

Answer 4

Positive - recovery
Negative - chronic dysfunction, delayed dysfunction, relapse and resistance

Question 5

What is the difference between resilience, common grief, and chronic grief?

Answer 5

Resilience = no significant change to depression before/after loss
Common grief = depression change at 6 months after loss, but after 16 months no persistence of depression
Chronic grief - depression 6 months after loss, persisting to 16 months

Question 6

According to Bonnano et al, when measuring depression rates after a loss, ___% of people showed resilience, __% showed common grief, and __% of people showed chronic grief. Despite no long term differences resilient people were still _______ during bereavement

Answer 6

Resilience = 46%
Common grief = 11%
Chronic grief = 15%

resilient people still affected in bereavement

Question 7

What technique did Mancini et al (2011) use to study resilience following spousal loss or divorce?

Answer 7

LGMM - Latent Growth Mixture Modelling
Identifies subgroups in data and allows trajectories for each subgroup

Question 8

Mancini et al (2011) identified what 4 types of people experiencing loss of a spouse? Which was most common?

Answer 8

Resilient - most common
Acute recovery of wellbeing
Improved welbeing
Chronic low of wellbeing

Question 9

Mancini et al (2011) identified what 3 types of people experiencing divorce from a spouse? Which was most common?

Answer 9

resilience - 71%
low increasing wellbeing
Moderate decreasing wellbeing

Question 10

Norris et al (2009) studied outcome trajectories of data from what 2 groups who faced disasters?

Answer 10

communities severely affected by floods in Mexico in 1999
Residents of NYC after 9/11 attacks

Question 11

Norris et al found that _______ rather than _________ was most common for people affected the 9/11 attack. This suggests that resilience findings may be dependent on the ________ used.

Answer 11

Norris found resistance more than resilience in those affected by 9/11 attack
resilience findings may depend on measure used

Question 12

Infarna and Luther found that _______ rates for loss, divorce and unemployment dropped when the _____ model specifications changed

Answer 12

Resilience rates dropped when model specifications of LGMM changed

Question 13

What is a real life use of findings from peoples resilience to adversity?

Answer 13

Depending on if people suffer more from adversity events or are more resilient, interventions and programs could be made/ invested in to help people

Question 14

Resilience definitions are often ____ driven in longitudinal designs, measured ________, such as an absence of _________, a reduction in ______ or a pattern of subjective wellbeing. Resilience is related to something else.

Answer 14

Resilience definitions are data driven and indirect measures
such as absence of depression, reduction in PTSD symptoms or patterns of wellbeing

Question 15

Cosco et al (2017) found that resilience was measured in what 3 main ways in longitudinal studies?

Answer 15

psychometric questionnaires
Definition driven methods where adaptive response is a priori
Data driven methods where researchers make resilience level subgroups

Question 16

Cosco et al found that most studies defined resilience as the absence of _______ rather than the maintenance of _________

Answer 16

resilience defined as absence of distress rather than maintenance of wellbeing

Question 17

What is one main criticism of data driven methods of defining resilience?

Answer 17

the trajectory identification (i.e resilient, chronic low, moderate increase etc) are based on characteristics of that sample and may not generalize to all samples

Question 18

What does the multidimensionality aspect of resilience refer to?
What does it suggest about resilience?

Answer 18

Resilience may be present in some life domains but not others i.e. work vs love
resilience rates should be treated with caution if less absolute in life

Question 19

What 5 life domains did Infarna and Luther study to test the multidimensionality of resilience? Which domain was resilience most common in? Only __% of the sample were found to have resilience across all 5 domains

Answer 19

Life Satisfaction - resilience only found to be most common reaction in this domain
Negative emotions
Positive emotions
General Health
Physical functioning

Only 8% of sample had resilience across all 5 domains