Resilience to Adversity Flashcards
DSM-5 define traumatic events exposure to actual or threatened ________, serious _______ or _______ violence
Exposure to death, real or threatened
serious injury
sexual violence
Resilience can be described as an ability to ‘_______ ______’ after adversity and adapt, or as a __________ ___________ of ________ ______ following adversity
bounce back after adversity and adapt
stable trajectory of healthy functioning following adversity
What 2 ways can resilience be measured?
resilience questionnaire - like a trait
resilience trajectory - longitudinal assessment
Other than resilience, what is one positive, and 4 negative reactions to adversity?
Positive - recovery
Negative - chronic dysfunction, delayed dysfunction, relapse and resistance
What is the difference between resilience, common grief, and chronic grief?
Resilience = no significant change to depression before/after loss
Common grief = depression change at 6 months after loss, but after 16 months no persistence of depression
Chronic grief - depression 6 months after loss, persisting to 16 months
According to Bonnano et al, when measuring depression rates after a loss, ___% of people showed resilience, __% showed common grief, and __% of people showed chronic grief. Despite no long term differences resilient people were still _______ during bereavement
Resilience = 46%
Common grief = 11%
Chronic grief = 15%
resilient people still affected in bereavement
What technique did Mancini et al (2011) use to study resilience following spousal loss or divorce?
LGMM - Latent Growth Mixture Modelling
Identifies subgroups in data and allows trajectories for each subgroup
Mancini et al (2011) identified what 4 types of people experiencing loss of a spouse? Which was most common?
Resilient - most common
Acute recovery of wellbeing
Improved welbeing
Chronic low of wellbeing
Mancini et al (2011) identified what 3 types of people experiencing divorce from a spouse? Which was most common?
resilience - 71%
low increasing wellbeing
Moderate decreasing wellbeing
Norris et al (2009) studied outcome trajectories of data from what 2 groups who faced disasters?
communities severely affected by floods in Mexico in 1999
Residents of NYC after 9/11 attacks
Norris et al found that _______ rather than _________ was most common for people affected the 9/11 attack. This suggests that resilience findings may be dependent on the ________ used.
Norris found resistance more than resilience in those affected by 9/11 attack
resilience findings may depend on measure used
Infarna and Luther found that _______ rates for loss, divorce and unemployment dropped when the _____ model specifications changed
Resilience rates dropped when model specifications of LGMM changed
What is a real life use of findings from peoples resilience to adversity?
Depending on if people suffer more from adversity events or are more resilient, interventions and programs could be made/ invested in to help people
Resilience definitions are often ____ driven in longitudinal designs, measured ________, such as an absence of _________, a reduction in ______ or a pattern of subjective wellbeing. Resilience is related to something else.
Resilience definitions are data driven and indirect measures
such as absence of depression, reduction in PTSD symptoms or patterns of wellbeing
Cosco et al (2017) found that resilience was measured in what 3 main ways in longitudinal studies?
psychometric questionnaires
Definition driven methods where adaptive response is a priori
Data driven methods where researchers make resilience level subgroups
Cosco et al found that most studies defined resilience as the absence of _______ rather than the maintenance of _________
resilience defined as absence of distress rather than maintenance of wellbeing
What is one main criticism of data driven methods of defining resilience?
the trajectory identification (i.e resilient, chronic low, moderate increase etc) are based on characteristics of that sample and may not generalize to all samples
What does the multidimensionality aspect of resilience refer to?
What does it suggest about resilience?
Resilience may be present in some life domains but not others i.e. work vs love
resilience rates should be treated with caution if less absolute in life
What 5 life domains did Infarna and Luther study to test the multidimensionality of resilience? Which domain was resilience most common in? Only __% of the sample were found to have resilience across all 5 domains
Life Satisfaction - resilience only found to be most common reaction in this domain
Negative emotions
Positive emotions
General Health
Physical functioning
Only 8% of sample had resilience across all 5 domains
