Intellegence Flashcards
Sternberg and Detterman stated that psychological definitions of intelligence commonly include what 3 things?
Higher level abilities
valued by culture
executive processes
IQ scores are usually standardised to a mean of ______ and have an SD of __.
standardised to a mean of 100 with an SD of 15
Reductionist validity studies involve assessing the _________ and ________ of intelligence. Predictive validity studies assess the _____ ______ ______ of intelligence. Psychometric studies assess the ______ of intelligence
Reductionist validity - assesses biology and cognition of IQ
Predictive validity - assess real life outcomes
Psychometric studies - assess structure of IQ
Spearman’s G factor refers to what?
General intelligence - underlying factor determining cognitive ability across a range of tasks
Describe the difference between Gc and Gf?
And how they change throughout life?
Gc = crystallized intelligence - learnt abilities/skills - increases throughout life experiences
Gf = fluid intelligence - unlearnt abilities i.e. reasoning - increases at first then decreases as life goes on
What is investment theory of Fluid and Crystallized intelligence?
Crystallized intelligence is an investment of fluid intelligence in a specific ability/domain
Heritability rates of IQ typically are range form __% to __%, with heritability ___________ as life goes on.
estimates between 40% and 80%
increases with life
Specific/candidate gene/GWAS studies into the genetic basis of intelligence are considered as what?
A False positives, lacking replicability and not definitive
B Mixed evidence, but mostly on the positive side, suggesting some specific genes
C Crystal clear evidence of specific genes with the role of determining intelligence
D none of the above
A Not good enough evidence
Behavioural genetics assumes independence of _______ and __________.
independence of genetics and environment
What is one controversial implication when suggesting IQ is genetically determined?
If IQ differences are genetically determined, and different groups have different levels of IQ, arguments have been made that some groups are superior to others.
Evidence for the Flynn effect is a generational ____ in IQ by __ points (out of 20), observed in at least __ different countries. The Flynn effect is more substantial for _______ intelligence than _____________ intelligence, and the effect is stronger in ______ rather than _________.
Flynn effect - rise in generational IQ by 10 points, across 14 countries
more substantial for GF and GC
stronger affect in adults rather than children
What are Rindermann’s social multipliers?
Give 4 examples
environmental factors contributing to rise in IQ (Flynn effect)
Such as:
access to internet/ info
TV
Education improvements/access
group learning
improved standards of living
better nutrition
What is gene x environment matching?
Matching genetics with right environment leads to increase in expression of genetics - i.e. IQ increase in IQ due to environment tapping in to genetics
Individual IQ rises will cause rises in ______________________, leading to a _____________ average rising
Individual IQ rises leads to increase in IQ of those around them leading to population increase average
Genetic heritability of IQ is seen to increase with what 2 things?
Age
Better SES
