Happiness, Wealth and Well-being

Question 1

True or false, gains have more utility and loom larger than losses

Answer 1

False, it is the other way round

Question 2

Losses were found to be more significant to those scoring higher in what trait

A Neuroticism
B Extraversion
C Conscientiousness
D Agreeableness

Answer 2

C Conscientiousness

Question 3

Why are high conscientiousness people more likely to loom over losses

Answer 3

They put more effort into achieving their goals, so if outcome is a loss/goal not met they look to blame own ability

Question 4

For women, high conscientiousness was found to be linked to what in marriage

A Low satisfaction
B High arguments
C High satisfaction
D Low arguments

Answer 4

C High satisfaction

Question 5

In marriage, __________ (as well as conscientiousness) was linked to satisfaction for women, and for men, ___________ was linked to satisfaction.

Answer 5

In marriage:
Women - introversion linked to higher satisfaction
Men - extraversion linked to higher satisfaction

Question 6

In the workplace, performance was mainly linked to _______ _______ and perceptual abilities. Training speed (how quickly the job was learnt) was mainly linked to ________ abilities.

Answer 6

Performance in workplace linked to cognitive and perecptual abilities
Training speed linked to perceptual abilities

Question 7

Order these 5 traits from most predictive of job performance in the workplace to least predictive

Agreeableness Neuroticism Openness Extraversion Conscientiousness

Answer 7

Conscientiousness
Neuroticism (negative)
Extraversion
Openness to experience
Agreeableness

Question 8

People with Higher IQ and Conscientiousness were found to die ________, and people with high/increasing neuroticism were found to die ________

Answer 8

High IQ, High Conscientiousness, die slower
High neuroticism = die faster

Question 9

____________ was found to positively correlate (r=0.21) to compliance to medication. Only ________ was found to have a larger positive correlation to compliance with medicine rules

Answer 9

Conscientiousness had significant positive correlation to compliance of medicine
only depression had higher correlation with compliance

Question 10

Lower anti-body responses were found in people with

A Lower Neuroticism
B Higher Neuroticism
C Higher agreeableness
D Lower Extraversion

Answer 10

B Higher Neuroticism

Question 11

Despite its positives, __________ trait can also be negative in some situations such as loss ________
Despite its negatives, __________ trait can be useful in some situations such as avoiding _______ or seeking ________ _____ earlier

Answer 11

Conscientiousness = mainly positive, but can be negative such as in loss aversion
Neuroticism = mainly negative, but can be positive i.e. in avoiding risk and seeking medical help earlier

Question 12

What 3 methods can be used to study stress related illness?
Give examples/explanations of each

Answer 12

Viral challenge studies - comparing placebo to real pathogen effect
Quasi experiments- use real life periods of stress and relaxation i.e. exam period vs vacation
Case control designs - compare stressed group to non-stressed group

Question 13

What are the 4 main methods for measuring a disease?

Answer 13

Disease verification - i.e. matching signs and symptoms
Covariates - what aspects correlate to disease
Sub-clinical infection testing - blood tests
Antigen counts/reaction - number of immune cells/how quickly they deal with pathogen

Question 14

Feldman et al studied the interaction of personality traits and illness.
What did high neuroticism people do?
What did High openness do?

Answer 14

High N reported more severe symptoms regardless of real objective illness
High openness reported real cold symptoms more than low openness

Question 15

Neuroticism leads to more ________ reporting
Conscientiousness leads to more _________ reporting.

Answer 15

N leads to more symptom reporting
C leads to more illness reporting

Question 16

Higher neuroticism leads to higher symptom reporting but not actually higher _______.
Extraversion leads to fewer actual _____ as well as fewer ________.

Answer 16

Higher N leads to higher symptom repoting but not actually more colds
Higher E leads to fewer colds and fewer symptoms

Question 17

People with High neuroticism tend to recall symptoms as ____________________

A Not as bad as they actually were
B The same as they actually were
C Worse than they actually were
D Only worse than they actually were if they were not real symptoms

Answer 17

C Report symptoms as worse than in reality

Question 18

What is the term for experiencing pain in the absence of real physical injury

Answer 18

Neuropathic pain

Question 19

What 2 pieces of evidence suggest pain can be psychological?

Answer 19

Pain is mediated by internal states/dispositions i.e anxiety, depression, neuroticism
IQ is associated with better health outcomes, both direct and indirect

Question 20

Conscientiousness, Openness and Extraversion were all linked to __________ strategies in coping, such as ______ ________, which are beneficial to health
Neuroticism was linked to _________ strategies in coping such as ________ _____, which are not beneficial to health

Answer 20

C, E and O all linked to engagement strategies - problem solving

N linked to disengagement strategies - substance Use/abuse

Question 21

Impulsivity as a behaviour can be found in

A The PEN model
B Grays RST model
C The FFM
D all of the above

Answer 21

D All

Question 22

Whiteside and Lynam’s (2001) UPPS model says Impulsivity is a lack of ________ and ________, a seeking of _________, and a mix of positive and negative _______

Answer 22

Lack of perseverance and lack of premeditation
sensation seeking
positive urgency and negative urgency

Question 23

Impulsivity can predict a number of psychiatric disorders such as _______ __________ disorders, ________ disorders (borderline and antisocial), and _______ behaviors, as well as risk taking.

Answer 23

Impulsivity predicts impulse control disorder
personality disorders
addictive behaviors
risk taking behaviors

Question 24

High ________ and _______ were found to predict smoking

Answer 24

High neuroticism and extraversion found to predict smoking

Question 25

What 4 types of people are more likely to be gambling addicts?

Answer 25

Young people
males
smokers
drinkers

Question 26

James et al found that what 2 things made people gamble despite losses (slower to have negative associate learning) ?

Answer 26

Payouts
Impulsiveness