Happiness, Wealth and Well-being Flashcards
True or false, gains have more utility and loom larger than losses
False, it is the other way round
Losses were found to be more significant to those scoring higher in what trait
A Neuroticism
B Extraversion
C Conscientiousness
D Agreeableness
C Conscientiousness
Why are high conscientiousness people more likely to loom over losses
They put more effort into achieving their goals, so if outcome is a loss/goal not met they look to blame own ability
For women, high conscientiousness was found to be linked to what in marriage
A Low satisfaction
B High arguments
C High satisfaction
D Low arguments
C High satisfaction
In marriage, __________ (as well as conscientiousness) was linked to satisfaction for women, and for men, ___________ was linked to satisfaction.
In marriage:
Women - introversion linked to higher satisfaction
Men - extraversion linked to higher satisfaction
In the workplace, performance was mainly linked to _______ _______ and perceptual abilities. Training speed (how quickly the job was learnt) was mainly linked to ________ abilities.
Performance in workplace linked to cognitive and perecptual abilities
Training speed linked to perceptual abilities
Order these 5 traits from most predictive of job performance in the workplace to least predictive
Agreeableness Neuroticism Openness Extraversion Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness
Neuroticism (negative)
Extraversion
Openness to experience
Agreeableness
People with Higher IQ and Conscientiousness were found to die ________, and people with high/increasing neuroticism were found to die ________
High IQ, High Conscientiousness, die slower
High neuroticism = die faster
____________ was found to positively correlate (r=0.21) to compliance to medication. Only ________ was found to have a larger positive correlation to compliance with medicine rules
Conscientiousness had significant positive correlation to compliance of medicine
only depression had higher correlation with compliance
Lower anti-body responses were found in people with
A Lower Neuroticism
B Higher Neuroticism
C Higher agreeableness
D Lower Extraversion
B Higher Neuroticism
Despite its positives, __________ trait can also be negative in some situations such as loss ________
Despite its negatives, __________ trait can be useful in some situations such as avoiding _______ or seeking ________ _____ earlier
Conscientiousness = mainly positive, but can be negative such as in loss aversion
Neuroticism = mainly negative, but can be positive i.e. in avoiding risk and seeking medical help earlier
What 3 methods can be used to study stress related illness?
Give examples/explanations of each
Viral challenge studies - comparing placebo to real pathogen effect
Quasi experiments- use real life periods of stress and relaxation i.e. exam period vs vacation
Case control designs - compare stressed group to non-stressed group
What are the 4 main methods for measuring a disease?
Disease verification - i.e. matching signs and symptoms
Covariates - what aspects correlate to disease
Sub-clinical infection testing - blood tests
Antigen counts/reaction - number of immune cells/how quickly they deal with pathogen
Feldman et al studied the interaction of personality traits and illness.
What did high neuroticism people do?
What did High openness do?
High N reported more severe symptoms regardless of real objective illness
High openness reported real cold symptoms more than low openness
Neuroticism leads to more ________ reporting
Conscientiousness leads to more _________ reporting.
N leads to more symptom reporting
C leads to more illness reporting
Higher neuroticism leads to higher symptom reporting but not actually higher _______.
Extraversion leads to fewer actual _____ as well as fewer ________.
Higher N leads to higher symptom repoting but not actually more colds
Higher E leads to fewer colds and fewer symptoms
People with High neuroticism tend to recall symptoms as ____________________
A Not as bad as they actually were
B The same as they actually were
C Worse than they actually were
D Only worse than they actually were if they were not real symptoms
C Report symptoms as worse than in reality
What is the term for experiencing pain in the absence of real physical injury
Neuropathic pain
What 2 pieces of evidence suggest pain can be psychological?
Pain is mediated by internal states/dispositions i.e anxiety, depression, neuroticism
IQ is associated with better health outcomes, both direct and indirect
Conscientiousness, Openness and Extraversion were all linked to __________ strategies in coping, such as ______ ________, which are beneficial to health
Neuroticism was linked to _________ strategies in coping such as ________ _____, which are not beneficial to health
C, E and O all linked to engagement strategies - problem solving
N linked to disengagement strategies - substance Use/abuse
Impulsivity as a behaviour can be found in
A The PEN model
B Grays RST model
C The FFM
D all of the above
D All
Whiteside and Lynam’s (2001) UPPS model says Impulsivity is a lack of ________ and ________, a seeking of _________, and a mix of positive and negative _______
Lack of perseverance and lack of premeditation
sensation seeking
positive urgency and negative urgency
Impulsivity can predict a number of psychiatric disorders such as _______ __________ disorders, ________ disorders (borderline and antisocial), and _______ behaviors, as well as risk taking.
Impulsivity predicts impulse control disorder
personality disorders
addictive behaviors
risk taking behaviors
High ________ and _______ were found to predict smoking
High neuroticism and extraversion found to predict smoking
What 4 types of people are more likely to be gambling addicts?
Young people
males
smokers
drinkers
James et al found that what 2 things made people gamble despite losses (slower to have negative associate learning) ?
Payouts
Impulsiveness
