Reserve Antibiotics Flashcards
These drugs are reserved for special purposes due to?
4 reasons
Keep this in mind as you learn them all
- Toxcity
- Restricted antimicrobial spectra
- Low level of resistance
- Cost
Linezolid blocks ____ of ____ ribosomal complex?
Cross resistance with?
- Initiation of the 70s ribosomal complex
- Inhibition of protein synthesis
- Bacteriostatic
- low levels of resistance
- Potential cross resistance with macrolides but non have been shown yet
Linezolid
The first N-aryl Oxazolidinone base antibiotic
Spectrum and resistance?
ADME?
Toxicities?
Interactions?
Uses?
Tedizolid Phosphate
Tetrazole?
potency?
Effective at what dose?
Metabolism?
Prodrug?
Spectrum?
Retapamulin
MOA
Static cidal?
Spectrum?
Metabolism?
Chloramphenicol?
1st ___ available broad spectrum?
Less commonly used due to?
- orally
- Myelosuppression dose dependent
- Aplastic anemia Independent (scary)
Prodrug analog of chloramphenicol?
- Hemisuccinate ester: used for iv injection, after which it is hydrolyzed by esterases in the lung, kidneys and blood
- Palmitate ester: used for oral suspension (taste masking) and is hydrolyzed in the GI tract from which it is absorbed as chloram itself
Features of Chloramphenicol
MOA
ADME
Spectrum
Major uses?
Chloramphenicol Toxicities Blood Dyscrasias
Metabolism and Toxicities of Chloramphenicol
Babies?
Fidaxomicin
MOA
Spectrum cidal vs?
DMPK
Tox
Synercid (Quinupristin/Dalfopristin)
Individual agents?
MOA?
Synergistic Combo
Uses?
Inhibits?
AEs?
Glycopeptide and Lipopeptide Antibiotics overview
Overview
Cyclic peptide?
Oversimplified MOA
Historically?
Host toxicities can be?
Lipopeptides?
Colistin/Polymxins
For?
Spectrum?
MOA? Cidal static?
- Anionic Charge interacts with cation disrupting the membran also effects human cells making this very toxic
- GRAM NEGATIVE
Clincal uses for Polymyxins
Coverage and uses
Toxic?
MOA: Cationic Antimicrobial peptides
4 key features of Polymyxins
- Association with LPS
- Disrupts integrity of the membrane
- Weakens osmotic barrier
- Leakage of biochemicals
Polymyxins Stability and DMPK
PEPTIDES!!!
- Not absorbed from teh GI tract
- Topical and oral admin typically do not cause severe SEs
- Stable powder
- Following IM or IV admin, wide distribution, 50% serum protein bound, and may bind irreversibly to various organs
- Cyclic Structure: Minimal metabolism and renal excretion
Daptomycin
Pseudo?
Spectrum?
Eliminated?
Use limited by?
AEs
Common uses?
Daptomycin MOA
Static or Cidal?
CIDAL
Bacitracin
Cyclic lipopeptide
what enhances activity?
DWhat?!
Cyclice peptide?
Bacitracin ___ with Cell wall?
MOA?
Bacitracin?
Spectrum Resistance?
Systemic toxicity?
ADME?
Uses?
OTC antibiotic OIntments
Distribution and water solubility?
