Reserve Antibiotics

Question 1

These drugs are reserved for special purposes due to?

4 reasons

Keep this in mind as you learn them all

Answer 1

1. Toxcity
2. Restricted antimicrobial spectra
3. Low level of resistance
4. Cost

Question 2

Linezolid blocks ____ of ____ ribosomal complex?

Cross resistance with?

Answer 2

• Initiation of the 70s ribosomal complex
• Inhibition of protein synthesis
• Bacteriostatic
• low levels of resistance
• Potential cross resistance with macrolides but non have been shown yet

Question 3

Linezolid

The first N-aryl Oxazolidinone base antibiotic

Spectrum and resistance?

ADME?

Toxicities?

Interactions?

Uses?

Answer 3

Question 4

Tedizolid Phosphate

Tetrazole?

potency?

Effective at what dose?

Metabolism?

Prodrug?

Spectrum?

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Retapamulin

MOA

Static cidal?

Spectrum?

Metabolism?

Answer 6

Question 7

Chloramphenicol?

1st ___ available broad spectrum?

Less commonly used due to?

Answer 7

• orally
• Myelosuppression dose dependent
• Aplastic anemia Independent (scary)

Question 8

Prodrug analog of chloramphenicol?

Answer 8

• Hemisuccinate ester: used for iv injection, after which it is hydrolyzed by esterases in the lung, kidneys and blood
• Palmitate ester: used for oral suspension (taste masking) and is hydrolyzed in the GI tract from which it is absorbed as chloram itself

Question 9

Features of Chloramphenicol

MOA
ADME

Spectrum
Major uses?

Answer 9

Question 10

Chloramphenicol Toxicities Blood Dyscrasias

Answer 10

Question 11

Metabolism and Toxicities of Chloramphenicol

Babies?

Answer 11

Question 12

Fidaxomicin

MOA

Spectrum cidal vs?

DMPK

Tox

Answer 12

Question 13

Synercid (Quinupristin/Dalfopristin)

Individual agents?

MOA?

Synergistic Combo

Uses?

Inhibits?

AEs?

Answer 13

Question 14

Glycopeptide and Lipopeptide Antibiotics overview

Overview

Cyclic peptide?

Oversimplified MOA

Historically?

Host toxicities can be?

Lipopeptides?

Answer 14

Question 15

Colistin/Polymxins

For?

Spectrum?

MOA? Cidal static?

Answer 15

• Anionic Charge interacts with cation disrupting the membran also effects human cells making this very toxic
• GRAM NEGATIVE

Question 16

Clincal uses for Polymyxins

Coverage and uses

Toxic?

Answer 16

Question 17

MOA: Cationic Antimicrobial peptides

4 key features of Polymyxins

Answer 17

• Association with LPS
• Disrupts integrity of the membrane
• Weakens osmotic barrier
• Leakage of biochemicals

Question 18

Polymyxins Stability and DMPK

PEPTIDES!!!

Answer 18

• Not absorbed from teh GI tract
  
  • Topical and oral admin typically do not cause severe SEs
• Stable powder
  
  • Following IM or IV admin, wide distribution, 50% serum protein bound, and may bind irreversibly to various organs
• Cyclic Structure: Minimal metabolism and renal excretion

Question 19

Daptomycin

Pseudo?

Spectrum?

Eliminated?

Use limited by?

AEs

Common uses?

Answer 19

Question 20

Daptomycin MOA

Static or Cidal?

Answer 20

CIDAL

Question 21

Bacitracin

Cyclic lipopeptide

what enhances activity?

DWhat?!

Cyclice peptide?

Answer 21

Question 22

Bacitracin ___ with Cell wall?

MOA?

Answer 22

Question 23

Bacitracin?

Spectrum Resistance?

Systemic toxicity?

ADME?

Uses?

Answer 23

Question 24

OTC antibiotic OIntments

Distribution and water solubility?

Answer 24