Insulin Flashcards

1
Q

Pancreatic functions flow chart

A
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2
Q

Glucose Metabolism

Huge chart

A
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3
Q

Insulin Secretion from B-cells

What 3 things is insulin secretion regulated by

A
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4
Q

Insulin Secretion from B-cells

What is the most common regulator?

What causes glucose uptake into B-cells?

What traps sugar?

What follows?

Continues on next slide

elevated

A
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5
Q

Insulin Secretion from B-cells

ITs the chemical process of insulin release

A
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6
Q

6 actions of insulin on the liver

4 inhibitory

2 promoter

A
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7
Q

Actions of insulin on the liver chart form

A
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8
Q

Actions of insulin on Skeletal muscles

Promotes and Increases what?

A
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9
Q

Actions of insulin on Adipose

What does it increase?

A
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10
Q

DM pathophysiology

All tissues require?

What does insulin promote?

A
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11
Q

Dm glycogenolysis

Signals from starved cells

A
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12
Q

DM Hyperglycemia

Continuation of other slide

A
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13
Q

Dm: Gluconeogenesis and Azoturia

What does continued shortage of glucose within cells cause?

How is Azoturia caused?

A
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14
Q

Dm hyperlipidemia

What does lack of intracellular glucose also increase?

A
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15
Q

Dm ketogenesis

What is it? Accelerated what?

A
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16
Q

DM sorbitol

Glucose to this with what enzyme?

How are glucose spikes dealt with in the body?

A
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17
Q

DM sorbitol

If there is repeated spiking what happens to sorbitol?

What are some diseases?

A
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18
Q

DM1 and DM2 Chart

comparison

A
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19
Q

Insulin has two chains

A

B and A Chain

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20
Q

Insulin preparations

Regular Insulin

5

and

Recombinant

3

21
Q

Regular Insulin preparations

Immunogenicity from with different animal uses

22
Q

What three things are used to classify insulins?

Categories for DOA 4 name the ones in each

23
Q

Crystalline Zinc insulin

DOA?

What is added to improve stability?

24
Q

What happens to Crystalline Zinc after SC injection? What does this give in terms of activity?

In emergencies can be given as?

25
Isophane (NPH, Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) DOA Combination of what two things? What is the protamine?
26
Isophane Solubility? After injectionhow does it work? When an isophane is formed what is acheived?
27
Ultralente form what does it =? Solubility? What does this give the compound? What forms?
28
Semilente =? What type of insulin? at high pH? Not suitable for what form? Solubility?
29
Lente DOA? lente=? Combination of what two things give it good properties?
30
No
31
Lispro DOA? What AAs? Something is switched what is it?
32
No
33
Lispro What does the switching of its two AAs do? Solubility? What isnt changed?
34
Other rapid acting
35
Glargine DOA? What is the substitution?
36
NO
37
Glargine (Lantus) Solubility? How does it work? What does it provide? Pharmacology like?
38
Insulin Determir What happens
39
Insulin summary Onset Peak DOA
40
Administration methods
41
Exubera?
42
Oral?
43
Non-Insulin hormone drugs Amylin MOA?
44
Pramlintide What is it?
45
GLP1 MOA? ehat is it?
46
DPP-4 inhibitors and incretin mimetics?
47
Exanatide? What is it?
48
Saxagliptin? Vidagliptin?
49
Janumet? What is the combination?