Research16 Flashcards
What factors are contributed to the emergence of outcomes research?
1 the need for cost containment in the health care sector, 2 the need to examine outcomes other than mortality, such as health-related quality of life, 3 the need to determine “best practices” and reduce the great variation in health care that occur
What is the purpose of outcomes research?
efficacy and effectiveness
How is efficacy defined?
as the effect of treatment delivered under carefully controlled conditions; “does it work? is it safe?”
How is effectiveness defined?
as the usefulness of a particular treatment to the individuals receiving it under typical clinical conditions
What are some of the frameworks for outcomes research?
the Nagi model (disablement model), the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
What does the Nagi model describe?
active pathology, impairment, functional limitation, and disability
What does the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps describe?
the long-term abnormality of disease as impairments, disabilities, and handicaps
What does the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health describe?
changes in body functions or structures, activities, participation and disability
What are the different measurement tools for outcomes research?
self-assessment and quality of life
What issues need to be considered when developing a self-assessment tool?
1 construct definition, 2 target population and 3 anticipated use of the scale; must meet criteria for validity
How is quality of life defined?
a global concept that can include elements as diverse as perceptions of health, satisfaction with the work environment, quality of family and social relationships, satisfaction with schools and neighborhoods, productive use of leisure time, etc
How is health-related quality of life measured?
measures of HRQL should include elements related to physical, psychological, and social functioning
What does the Short Form-36 define?
1 role limitation caused by physical problems, 2 role limitation cause by emotional problems, 3 social functioning, 4 mental health, 5 pain, 6 energy, 7 fatigue, 8 general health perceptions
How is the Sickness Impact Profile used?
to evaluate the physical dimensions of ambulation, mobility, and body care; the psychosocial dimensions of social interaction, communication, alertness, and emotional behavior; and other dimensions related to sleep/rest, eating, work, home management, etc
What does the Functional Status Questionnaire measure?
physical function, emotional function, social performance, and a group of other functions including sexual function, global disability, global health satisfaction, and social contacts
