Ch11Research

Question 1

Why were single-subject designs developed?

Answer 1

to demonstrate the influence of setting and other intervention variables upon the performance of research participants, and to document the individual variability of participants’ performance in response to these variables

Question 2

When are single-subject designs used?

Answer 2

where withholding treatment is considered unethical, or random assignment of subjects may not be possible; where it is too difficult to get enough participants; to obtain detailed information about factors

Question 3

What are some of the problems with group designs?

Answer 3

often difficult to structure a powerful group design in rehab settings; typically only call for measurement of participants a few times; often have problems with external validity

Question 4

What are some of the characteristics of single-subject designs?

Answer 4

baseline assessment, stability of performance, continuous assessment, and use of different phases

Question 5

What are some of the experimental designs for single-subject designs?

Answer 5

A-B designs, withdrawal designs, multiple-baseline designs, alternating-treatment designs, interaction designs, changing-criterion designs

Question 6

How are single-subject data typically analyzed?

Answer 6

visually from graphed data as opposed to statistical analysis

Question 7

What are some of the considerations when using single-subject designs?

Answer 7

the duration of each intervention, frequency with which to alternate the intervention sessions or phases

Question 8

What are some of the limitations of single-subject designs?

Answer 8

may create ethical dilemmas, amount of control over internal validity threats, generalizability of results, concern with the theory and practice of statistical analysis of singe-subject designs