Ch10Research

Question 1

What does the term ‘group’ refer to?

Answer 1

treatment of the data, not how the treatment is administered

Question 2

What are some of the assumptions of group designs?

Answer 2

variability is intrinsic to human subjects; the statistical differences between group averages will represent true differences between or among groups; it is possible to create truly random samples; results of a valid experiment can be generalized

Question 3

What are ‘randomized controlled trials’ (RCTs)?

Answer 3

the IV (tx) is subject to the controlled manipulation of the investigator and the DV (measures or outcomes) are collected under controlled conditions

Question 4

What does ‘randomized’ refer to of RCTs?

Answer 4

the random allocation of participants to treatment and control groups

Question 5

What are some of the cautions about RCTs?

Answer 5

it is nearly impossible to obtain a true random sample, it is difficult to identify all members of a clinical population, researchers can only use participant who volunteer

Question 6

What are some design examples of the single-factor experimental design?

Answer 6

pretest-posttest control-group design, posttest-only control-group design, single-group pretest-posttest design, nonequivalent control-group design time series design, repeated measures or repeated treatment designs

Question 7

Why are multiple-factor experimental designs typically used?

Answer 7

because the researcher is interested in not only the individual effects of the multiple factors on the DV, but also in the effects of the interaction between the multiple factors on the DV

Question 8

What are some design examples of the multiple-factor experimental design?

Answer 8

factorial design, nested design, completely randomized design, randomized-block design, between-groups design, within-groups design, mixed designs

Question 9

Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design

Answer 9

R O X O
R O    O
or
R O X1 O
R O X2 O

Question 10

Posttest-Only Control Group Design

Answer 10

R X O

R O

Question 11

Single Group Pretest-posttest Design

Answer 11

O X O

Question 12

Time Series Design

Answer 12

O O O O X O O O O

Question 13

Factorial Design

Answer 13

Factors are crossed meaning that each level of one factor is combined with each level of each other factor

Question 14

Nested Design

Answer 14

When all the factors do not cross one another

Question 15

Randomized-Block Design

Answer 15

One of the factors of interest is not variable; Participants are placed into blocks based on an attribute (ex: gender) and then randomly assigned to treatments

Question 16

Mixed Design

Answer 16

At least one between-subjects factor and one within-subjects factor

Question 17

Between Groups Design

Answer 17

different groups get different levels of researcher manipulable treatments

Question 18

Within Group Design

Answer 18

one group of participants receives all levels of independent variable