Ch3Research

Question 1

What is the need/demand for evidence-based practice?

Answer 1

Patients are increasingly demanding practitioners use the most effective interventions for a faster and/or most cost-effective recovery; third-party payers are demanding that health care providers use the most cost-effective interventions

Question 2

What is evidence-based practice?

Answer 2

a method if integrating the best available evidence and patients’ values into the scientist-practitioner’s clinical decision-making.

Question 3

What are the first two major levels of the evidence hierarchy?

Answer 3

1a. systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs 1b. single RCT studies 1c. all-or-none studies 2a. systematic reviews of cohort study 2b. individual cohort study or low-quality RCT 2c. outcomes research

Question 4

What are the last three major levels of the evidence hierarchy?

Answer 4

3a. Systematic review of case-controlled study 3b. individual case-controlled study 4. case series and poor quality cohort and case-control studies 5. expert opinion without explicit critical appraisal

Question 5

What four considerations need to be addressed to assist the S-P in formulating the patient care question?

Answer 5

(PICO) Patient characteristics, Intervention, Comparative intervention, and Outcomes

Question 6

How is construct validity determined?

Answer 6

By how well the study controls for experimental bias and expectations

Question 7

What 3 criteria are included in a good operation definition of the IV or DV?

Answer 7

1. measurable, 2. clear, 3. complete

Question 8

With what is internal validity concerned?

Answer 8

how well a study design controls factors or variables other than the intervention or IV for its influence on the study’s results

Question 9

With what is external validity concerned?

Answer 9

how well the study results can be generalized in its application to populations similar to those in the study, or to a setting similar to the study setting

Question 10

What does statistical validity address?

Answer 10

the statistical relationship of the IVs and DVs.

Question 11

What three aspects are emphasized when evaluating research by the EBP model?

Answer 11

1. a study’s validity, 2. a study’s impact, 3. a study’s clinical applicability

Question 12

What are some of the limitations of evidence-based practice?

Answer 12

EBP emphasis on RCT studies as the ‘gold standard’ is misleading, not all RCTs are better than alternative designs; Random assignment to small size group is likely to have unbalanced distribution of variable among group; RCT results are based on group averages, but pt may not be represented by avg