Research/Statistics Flashcards
MANOVA
A study that includes 1+ IV’s and 2+ DV’s that are each measured on an interval irrespective of ratio scale.
Chi-Square Test
Used for measuring nominal data (a type of qualitative data which groups variables into categories), and when a study has two or more variables.
Difference between a simple-sample Chi-square test and a multiple-sample?
Simple-sample: Study is descriptive study and has only ONE variable to measure.
Multiple-sample: Study is also descriptive and has TWO OR MORE variables to measure.
What does the “Spearman” measure?
It’s a rank-order correlation coefficient that determines rank-ordered data.
What does the “Pearson” do?
It’s a correlation coefficient (r) that is the most common way to measure a linear correlation.
When looking at a graph, it will be the number between -1 and 1 that measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. Its data will make a straight diagonal path on the chart.
What is the function of a Mediator Variable?
It acts as the intervening variable between two other variables.
What is the function of a moderating variable?
It’s an extra quality that acts upon the relationship of two variables and changes the direction and strength.
Considering the Item Difficulty Index when increasing the difficulty level of a statistic test, what factors should be considered?
You are looking for the (p) value of each item and you are looking at numbers closest to 0. If an item is closest to 1, it indicates an easier testing time. You want to re-evaluate the items that are getting a score closest to 0 because these items may affect test validity.
What are the 2 main characteristics that distinguishes true experimental research from quasi-experimental?
The researcher can manipulate the IV and randomly assign subjects to different groups.
What’s the difference between a Type I and Type II error?
Type I- aka “false positive”; where the investigator rejects a null hypothesis that is actually true.
Type II - aka “false negative”; the investigator fails to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false.
What is a null hypothesis?
A type of statistical hypothesis that proposes that nothing significant is going on in the research. (HO)
What is the function of the spearman correlation coefficient?
Another name for it is spearman rank order correlation, efficient. It’s used to correlate scores by two variables reported.
What is stepwise multiple regression used for?
A type of multiple regression is used to identify with the fewest number of predictors needed to make an accurate prediction. 
What is the Latin square used for?
It’s a type of counterbalanced design that ensures that the different levels of the IV are assigned to the groups of subjects so that each level appears an equal number of times in each ordinal position.
What is a Factorial Analysis used for?
It is used to explore the underlined dimensions that explain the relationship between multiple variables.
How do you conduct a Solomon for Group design?
Two groups are treated as they would be in a classic experiment with the pretest, experimental group, intervention, and a post test. The other two groups do not receive the pretest, one receives the intervention and then All groups are then given the post test.
What happens to a Type 1 error and a Type 2 error when alpha is increased?
There is an increase in the probability of making a Type 1 error, and a decrease in the probability of making a Type 2 error.
What is the purpose of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)?
Is used to remove the effects of an extraneous variable from scores on the DV, so that it’s easier to detect the effects of the IV on the DV. The extraneous variable is the “covariate.”
What do Orthogonal and Oblique factors mean?
Orthogonal means the factors are uncorrelated. Oblique factors mean they are correlated
