Psychopathology Flashcards
Three criteria for OCPD
- Tendency towards perfectionism interferes with one’s completion of important tasks.
- Believes that money is something to hang onto for future catastrophes.
- Stubbornly refuses to delegate tasks to coworkers or family members.
What is the criteria for schizophreniform disorder?
The presence of at least two characteristic symptoms for at least one month, but less than six months, with at least one symptom being delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
4 Diagnostic criteria for Conduct Disorder
- Aggression towards people and animals
- Destruction of property
- Deceitfulness or theft
- Serious violation of rules
What is the criteria to meet bipolar II disorder
The diagnosis requires at least one current or past hypomanic episode and at least one current or past major depressive episode.
What is the heritability rate for bipolar disorder in twins?
Studies are most consistent with 90% heritability rate.
Schizophrenia Concordance Rates
For First Degree Relative who shares 50% genes:
6% biological parent
9% biological siblings
13% child (offspring)
17% dizygotic twin.
48% monozygotic twins who share
100% of their genes.
What is the concordance rate for schizophrenia for non-twin siblings?
9%
List the criteria to diagnose cyclothymic disorder.
-Depressive symptoms that do not meet MDD
-hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for hypomanic episode
- adult duration of symptoms 24 months
- children and adolescence symptom duration 12 months.
What has research found out about texting and smoking cessation?
Text messaging is effective as a standalone treatment, and text messaging plus other smoking interventions is more effective than other smoking interventions alone.
What drug class is most likely to cause pupillary constriction?
Opioid
Interoceptive Exposure
Exposing the individual to the physical sensations associated with a panic attack.
Its goal is to help the client habituate to those sensations.
What is the first line treatment for agoraphobia?
In vivo exposure and response prevention.
Criteria for a depersonalization/de realization disorder
Involving a “sense of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thoughts, feelings, sensation, bodies, or actions” people with this may say they feel like a robot or automation, have vagues somatic symptoms, like lightheadedness, and experience, anxiety, or depression.
What are the two techniques Lovaas used to teach young nonspeaking children with ASD to communicate verbally?
Discrimination training and shaping
What is the diagnostic criteria for schizoeffective disorder?
Concurrent symptoms of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder or a manic episode for the duration of the illness, but the psychosis must be present without mood symptoms for two or more weeks.
What areas of the brain are most affected by Alzheimer’s in its early stages?
The entorhinal cortex and hippocampus.
What is the optimal difficulty level for a test question and why?
.75 The optimal difficulty level falls between 100% and the probability of choosing the correct answer by guessing which is 50%. So you calculate between 1.0 and .50 which is .75.
What’s the difference between Avoidant PD, schizoid PD, and schizotyple PD?
Schizoid PD is characterized by emotional detachment and social disinterest
Schizotypal PD involves eccentric behavior, odd beliefs, paranoia and transient psychotic-like symptoms.
Avoidant PD avoids social situations because of fear of rejection.
Read classes of personality disorders, and their themes and name the disorders.
Class A
The severity of substance used disorder (mild, moderate or severe) is determined by what?
Current number of symptoms.
What are the three primary goals of individual therapy in DBT.
The elimination of the following behaviors:
- quality-of-life interfering behaviors
- therapy-interfering behaviors
- life-threatening behaviors
Deficits in what underly many of the impairments in social functioning that are characteristic of ASD.
Face recognition.
In order, what are the mean scores for TBI patients on the WAIS?
Verbal Comprehension
Perceptual Reasoning
Working Memory
Processing Speed
What is the prevalent rate for suicide among the male and female populations as of 2020?
Males are still at a higher rate being ages 75 years+. For females the rate is 45- 64 years of age.
Criteria for Provisional Tic disorder
Requires:
1. one or more motor and or vocal techs that
2. have been present for less than one year and
3. began before the individuals 18th birthday.
What is the difference between conversion disorder and somatic symptom disorder?
While both require a healthy medical evaluation, conversion disorder is about developing physical and/or sensory symptoms that actually cause impairment and are a psychological response to another distress. Somatic Symptom disorder is about being in distress because of the focus on pain, fatigue, weakness, or shortness of breath.
Prevalence rate of women who experience a major depressive episode between birth and 12 months postpartum.
7%
What is the therapeutic index equation used to measure the relative safety of a drug?
TI=LD50/ED50
The larger the magnitude of TI, the safer the drug.
Symptoms often found in subcortical neurocognitive disorders such as do’s associated with HIV.
Forgetfulness, apathy, and psychomotor retardation.
What is the rate of bipolar and depressive disorders for female adolescence in comparison to male adolescence?
Prevalence rate is 1.5 to 3 times more for females than for males.
What sensory system is most often involved in the flashbacks associated with hallucinogen persisting perception disorder?
Visual
Explanation for specific phobias are developed.
Mowrer’s two-factor theory which is a combo of classical and operant conditioning.
The person’s avoidant behavior is negatively reinforced.
Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms
Autonomic hyperactivity
Hand tremor
Insomnia
Nausea/vomiting
Transient hallucinations or illusions
Psychomotor agitation
Anxiety
General tonic-clonic seizures
Gender Dysphoria
Discordance between ones experienced AND assigned gender.
Gold Standard for evaluating psychogenic non epileptic seizures (PNES)
Video EEG
What disorders are associated with increased intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and striatal volume?
GAD and OCD
What is the relationship between Serotonin and ASD?
High levels of Serotonin in the brain during neuronal development causes neuronal damage.
