Research Metods - Self Report Techniques

Question 1

What are self report techniques?

Answer 1

Where the participant gives information about themselves without the researchers interference

Question 2

What are the 2 types of self report techniques?

Answer 2

Interviews
Questionaires

Question 3

What are the 3 types of interviews?

Answer 3

Structured interview
Unstructured interview
Semi-structured interview

Question 4

What is an interview

Answer 4

When the reacher asks questions face to face

Question 5

What is a structured interview

Answer 5

• all participants are asked the same questions in the same order
• provides quantitative data which can be expressed numerically
• consists of closed questions that have restricted answers

Question 6

Adv of structured interview

Answer 6

• if participants misunderstands question they can ask researcher to rephrase it, increasing understanding
• they are quite quantitative compared to unstructured interviews
• less time consuming as it is closed quetsions

Question 7

Disadv of structured interview

Answer 7

• risk of interview bias, can be unintentional, merely from interview gender, or clothes, making data invalid
• lack of qualitative and in depth data = results maybe invalid, might not accurately be measuring the key variable stated in the aim

Question 8

What is an unstructured interview

Answer 8

• informal in-depth conversational exchange between the interviewer and the interviewee
• questions are not preplanned
• has a theme that the interviewer wants to discuss
• provides qualitative data
• consists of open questions

Question 9

Adv of unstructured interview

Answer 9

• v useful w investigating sensitive or controversial topics, as it allows real understanding
• it is very flexible and more comfortable, as it allows personal opinion

Question 10

Disadv of unstructured interviews

Answer 10

• risk of social desirability, results invalid
• interviewer needs to be well trained to be able to gain relevant data, can be time consuming and expensive to ensure correct training is given

Question 11

What is a semi structured interview

Answer 11

• combines both structured and unstructured
• qualitative and quantitative data
• both closed and open questions
• some questions are preplanned and then later on would be the same the researcher wants to discuss

Question 12

Adv of semi structured interviews

Answer 12

• both qualitative and quantitative
• quantitative answers are high in reliability
• qualitative data is high in validity

Question 13

Disadv of semi structured interview

Answer 13

• some answers on key. Themes may not be relevant to interviews topic
• responses might be difficult to analyse compared to structured

Question 14

What is a questionnaire?

Answer 14

• Participants are given a written set of questions and instructions about how to record their answers
• main focus on individuals behaviour, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes
• can be done using internet, post or face to face

Question 15

What are the types of questions that could be asked and are they qualitative or quantitative

Answer 15

Open - qualitative
Closed - quantitative

Question 16

What are 5 things that needs to be considered when designing a questionnaire?

Answer 16

Type of data
Ambiguity
Double barrelled questions
Leading questions
Complexity

Question 17

Type of data

Answer 17

Whether it is qualitative or quantitative which will effect whether the questions are closed or open questions

Question 18

Disadv of Ambiguity

Answer 18

• avoid questions and options which are not clearly defined e.g. do u listen to music frequently (how often is frequently)

Question 19

Disadv Double barrelled questions

Answer 19

The person may wish to answer each part of the question w differs answers
E.g. do you agree modern music is better than 90s music and that there should be more guitar based music

Question 20

Leading questions

Answer 20

These are questions which lead the participant to a particular answer
E.g. how tall was the man? (This assumes the man is tall)

Question 21

Complexity in questions

Answer 21

You should use clear english language and avoid jargon, and define any specialist terms that may be used

Question 22

Adv of using questionnaires

Answer 22

• quick, easy, relatively cheap
• easy to collect a large amount of data
• very easily to replicate, meaning they are reliable, therefore high reliability

Question 23

Disadv of questionaires

Answer 23

• can be ambiguous and wording may not be clear, if the researcher is not there to explain then they at interpret it wrong, leading to invalid data
• can have a low response rate especially if they are sent by post and need to be returned, many may never be filled or filled and never returned