Reseacrh Methods - Reliability, Validity, And Control Of Extraneous Variable Flashcards
What is reliability?
Refers to the CONSISTENCY of a research study especially when a study is repeated again and the same two results are gained on both occasions
what are the two types of reliability?
External reliability
Internal reliability
What is external reliability how can it be assessed
Whether results gained are consistent over time
Test retest method, conducted once and then conducted again, if similar then said to be reliable
What is internal reliability and how can It be assessed
Consistency of results within itself
SPLIT HALF TECHNIQUE split questionnaire into half, check if participants scored similarly in each half, if they did this signifies both halves are messing the same factors = internal reliability
What is validity
Study measures what it intends to measure
External/ecological validity
Extent to which findings can be generalised in other settings
Participant validity
Results from participants can be generalised to target population
Temporal validity
Results can be generalised to todays contemporary audience
Internal validity
Outcome of study is direct result of IV effect on DV and not bcs of extraneous variables
What are the types of extraneous variables
Participant variables
Situational variables
Experimenter variables
Investigator effects
Demand characteristics
What are participant variables and how to overcome
Characteristics of participant that have effect on DV intelligence age etc
MATCHED AND REPEATED MEASURES
but repeated leads to order effects so COUNTER BALANCING,
and RANDOM ALLOCATIOn to condition so unbiased
Situational variables and how to overcome
Enviro where experiment is conducted that could effect DV e,g, temp, time of day
STANDARDISATION - all conditions materials and instructions are the same
Experimenter variables and how to overcome
Factors to do with experimenter that can have effect on DV e.g. personality and appearance
STANDARDISED INSTRUCTIONS - follow script, use same manner and time.
Investigator effects and how to overcome
Investigator may inadvertently influence results of research due to physical characteristics e.g. age, genders personality
Results in observer bias and interviewer effects
DOUBLE BLIND TECHNIQUES
Demand characteristics and how to overcome
Guess the aim and what is expected and so chnage behaviour to please experimenter
SINGLE BLIND - pops dk aim of study
