Research Methods - Observations Flashcards
What is participant observation?
A method where the researcher actively engages with the group being studied.
What are the two types of participant observation?
- Overt
- Covert
Define overt participant observation.
The researcher is openly present as an observer and participants are aware they’re being studied.
Define covert participant observation.
The researcher observes without participants knowing they’re being studied.
What is non-participant observation?
The researcher observes from a distance without engaging with the group or individuals.
What is structured observation?
Observation that follows a set procedure or checklist, typically yielding quantitative data.
What is unstructured observation?
A flexible observation method with no fixed structure or checklist, often yielding qualitative data.
What is a key advantage of participant observations?
High validity, capturing behaviors in their natural context.
What does access to insider views allow researchers to do?
Understand the subjective meanings and social dynamics within the group.
What is a practical advantage of observations?
Flexibility to adapt to new findings and explore unexpected areas of interest.
What ethical issue arises from covert observations?
Lack of informed consent from participants.
What ethical concern is related to privacy and confidentiality?
Researchers may witness sensitive or private actions.
What potential harm can arise from covert observation?
Participants could feel deceived or violated.
What is a theoretical issue regarding reliability in observational methods?
Observational methods, especially unstructured ones, are hard to replicate.
How can subjectivity and bias affect observational research?
Researchers may become too involved, leading to biased interpretations.
