research methods EOYE Flashcards
Explain the use of one research method in one study of one cognitive process.
The research method used in this study on schema (Bartlett) is a lab experiment. A lab experiment is done in a well-controlled environment. The participants are randomly allocated to a group, unlike in a quasi-experiment where participants are not randomly allocated but instead assigned a group depending on a certain trait (e.g. gender). Lab experiments use a standardised procedure which makes it easy to replicate. These types of experiments make it easy for researchers to manipulate their independent and control variables, helping them to establish a cause and effect relationship. This is essentially what experiments are trying to do — to establish a relationship or lack of a relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. In order to see a cause and effect relationship, extraneous variables must be controlled.
Explain the use of one research method in one study of the individual and the group.
The research method used in this study on conformity (ASCH) is a lab experiment. A lab experiment is done in a well-controlled environment. The participants are randomly allocated to a group, unlike in a quasi-experiment where participants are not randomly allocated but instead assigned a group depending on a certain trait (e.g. gender). Lab experiments use a standardised procedure which makes it easy to replicate. These types of experiments make it easy for researchers to manipulate their independent and control variables, helping them to establish a cause and effect relationship. This is essentially what experiments are trying to do — to establish a relationship or lack of a relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. In order to see a cause and effect relationship, extraneous variables must be controlled.
Explain the use of one research method in one study of cultural influences on behaviour and cognition.
Kulkofsky -
I-C can also influence cognition, such as memory. Kulkoffsky carried out a study to see if there were differences in the level of flashbulb memories in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Kulkoffsky used a questionnaire which is a list of questions or items used to gather data from respondents about their attitudes, experiences, or opinions. Questionnaires can be used to collect quantitative and/or qualitative information. Respondents often feel more comfortable expressing their true opinions in questionnaires, especially when their anonymity is guaranteed. Questionnaires facilitate longitudinal studies, allowing researchers to track changes in attitudes, behaviors, and opinions over extended periods.
