cog studies

Question 1

glanzer and cunitz aim

Answer 1

to show that there are multiple processes involved in retrieving information

Question 2

glanzer and cunitz procedure

Answer 2

15 lines of words one at a time
repeated measure design in which the participants were asked to recall the words with no delay, with a 10-second delay and a 30 second delay

Question 3

glanzer and cunitz results

Answer 3

with no delay the first and last words were recalled the best but with a delay during which there was an intereference task there was a poor recall of later items. later words were lost due to interference could not move to LTM

Question 4

glanzer and cunitz conclusion

Answer 4

this suggest that the later words were held in short term storage and were lost due to interference whereas the earlier words had been passed to the long term storage, showing the multistore model of memory

Question 5

bartlett aim

Answer 5

to investigate how the memory of a story is affected by previous knowledge

Question 6

bartlett procedure

Answer 6

• Investigated memory reconstruction using schema processing with “The War of the Ghosts” legend.
• Participants were British, unfamiliar with the story’s concepts and names.
  Two experimental conditions:
  
  • Repeated reproduction: Recall and reproduce the story multiple times over varying periods.
  • Serial reproduction: Recall and repeat the story to another person.
    Chosen for unfamiliar content and structure, ideal for studying memory.

Question 7

bartlett findings

Answer 7

the story became shorter with each retelling as participants omitted information that was seen as not important. Participants tended to change the order of the story in order to make sense of it using terms more familiar to the culture of the participants. they also added detail and/or emotions. the participants overall remembered the main themes in the story but change the unfamiliar elements to match their own cultural expectations.

Question 8

warrington aim

Answer 8

to provide biological support for the WMM

Question 9

warrington procedure

Answer 9

• longitudunal study
  conducted a series of tests on paitient KF, who had suffered brain damage as a result of a motorcycle accident. he appeared to have problems recalling lists of words and numbers but was able to learn and move information from STM to LTM

Question 10

warrington results

Answer 10

he quickly forgot numbers and words when they were presented to him orally, but he was able to remember these words or numbers when presented to him visually. KFs impairment mainly for verbal information - his memory for visual information was largely affected

Question 11

warrington conclusion

Answer 11

the accident may have damaged his phonological loop but his visuospatial sketchpad remains functional. shows that there are seperate STM components for visual information and verbal information

Question 12

loftus and palmer aim

Answer 12

to investigate whether the use of leading questions would affect an eyewitness’s estimation of speed

Question 13

loftus and palmer procedure

Answer 13

particiapants shown short films of traffic accidents. after they were asked to give an account of the accident they had seen and then they answered a questionaire with different questions abotu the accident with one leading question with a changing suggestive verb

Question 14

loftus and palmer findings

Answer 14

the most intensive verb that was used in the leading question, the higher the average estimate of speed

Question 15

loftus and palmer conclusion

Answer 15

when different verbs were used, different schmeas were activated that have an influence on the perception of the original event and one from external information supplied after the event

Question 16

goel et al aim

Answer 16

to provide biological evidence for the dual processing model

Question 17

goet et al procedure

Answer 17

had participants carry out a logic task. in some cases, the task was abstract in nature to activate system 2 thinking. in contrast, some tasks were “concrete” in nature to activate system 1 thinking. the researchers had the participants decide on the correct choices while in an FMRI

Question 18

goel et al findings

Answer 18

Although there were many common areas of the brain that were active in solving the problems, there was a clear difference. When the task was abstract, the parietal lobe was active; when the task was concrete, the left hemisphere temporal lobe was active. The parietal lobe is often associated with spatial processing

Question 19

goel et al conclusion

Answer 19

This seems to indicate that the brain processes these two types of information differently - and thus may be seen as support for the model.