Research Methods

Question 1

Theory data cycle components (5)

Answer 1

1. Observe existing components
2. Generate hypothesis
3. Create research & generate predictions
4. Design/run research
5. Statistics

Question 2

Science doesn’t prove, it suggests ______

Answer 2

Possibilities

Question 3

3 types of research claims

Answer 3

• Frequency
• Association
• Causal

Question 4

Frequency claim

Answer 4

How many people do this

Question 5

Association claims

Answer 5

Correlating things to each other

Question 6

Causal claim

Answer 6

Experiment to prove X causes Y

Question 7

Internal Validity

Answer 7

Experimental control, able to make causal claim

Question 8

External Validity

Answer 8

• Generalizability (frequency/association claims)
• Maximization (trade off of internal validity)

Question 9

What kind of study has max. internal validity?

Answer 9

Observational studies

Question 10

What kind of study has max external validity?

Answer 10

Lab experiments

Question 11

3 types of observational studies

Answer 11

• Naturalistic
• Participant
• Structured

Question 12

Pro and con of observational studies

Answer 12

pro: see behaviour in natural environment
con: unable to make causal claim

Question 13

Festinger, Riecken, Schaster study on participant observation

Answer 13

1950s, fake joined a cult and observed members behaviour

Question 14

Directionality problem

Answer 14

Did x cause y or did y cause x?

Question 15

Third variable problem

Answer 15

Confounding variable may be present

Question 16

What eliminates confounding variables?

Answer 16

Control variables